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本集视频从两大循环系统的角度对动脉和静脉血管在血液流速、血压、血量等方面进行了介绍，归纳总结了动脉和静脉之间的五个区别，巩固基础知识的掌握。
vt. 强调，着重
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- So I'd like to --let me start the pulmonary circulation,
- 我们先介绍一下肺循环
- where you can see that the pulmonary artery and vein --
- 大家可以分别看到肺动脉和肺静脉
- I'll start that, just to really emphasize the point,
- 之所以要强调这里
- or actually the reverse of what I've just said, right?
- 因为这跟我们刚介绍的是相反的
- Because the pulmonary artery is actually gonna carry the deoxygenated blood,
- 大家看肺动脉输送的是缺氧血
- and the pulmonary vein is carrying the oxygenated blood.
- 而肺静脉输送的则是含氧血
- So clearly that's the reverse of what I've just said.
- 很明显，这跟刚才介绍的是相反的
- But that is one exception to the general rule,
- 这是一个特例
- which is that arteries definitely look red, and veins generally look blue.
- 一般来说动脉是红色的，静脉是蓝色的
- Okay, so that --those are two points of difference between the arteries and veins.
- 这是动脉和静脉之间两个不同点
- Let's keep going.
- 我们接着看
- So now you know, that arteries are high pressure, right?
- 我们知道，动脉内血压很高
- because the heart is pumping the blood out,
- 因为心脏把血液挤压输送出来
- and it's gonna be in a very very high pressure.
- 所以动脉血血压很高
- And so I kind of think of the arteries as being like a river, a fast flowing river.
- 如果把血管比喻成河流，动脉就是非常湍急的河流
- So you can think of this as fast flowing, high pressure.
- 压力很大，流速很快
- So that is the third difference. This is a high pressure system.
- 这是它们的第三个不同点，动脉中血压很高
- Third difference, it's that it's high pressure system.
- 动脉的血压很高
- In fact, maybe I'll even emphasize the point by writing the word very large:
- 为了强调这点，我写大一点
- HIGH PRESSURE.
- 血压很高
- And actually, the other thing we think about with arteries is that
- 大家想一下，动脉还有一个特点
- there is not so much volume in the arteries.
- 动脉中血量并不大
- So if you actually look at --let's say, froze time now,
- 假设我们现在停住时间
- you should try to figure out where all the blood was located, not too much of it is in the arteries.
- 我们来看血液的位置，在动脉中的血液不会太多
- So it's actually a very low volume system. I'll write volume very small.
- 动脉中血量很小
- And the veins are the opposite.
- 静脉恰恰相反
- They're kind of a large volume-- system.
- 静脉血量是很大的
- And they have really kind of low pressures.
- 而血压相对较低
- I'll write pressure very small over here.
- 血压较低
- And if you actually figured out what percent is where, in terms of the amount of blood,
- 如果要用百分比表示各部位血量的话
- about 5% of the blood, at any point of time, would be in the heart.
- 心脏中大约会有5%的血量
- And --let's say, about 5% would be in the capillaries.
- 5%在毛细血管中
- And then about 10% or so, would be in the lungs.
- 大约有10%的血存在肺部
- So what we have to --now we're 5 and 5 is 10, 10 plus 10 is 20.
- 5+5=10 10+10=20，已经介绍了20%的血量
- And then we have another about 15% in the arteries. So about 15%.
- 大约15%的血量在动脉中
- So that's actually not too much blood.
- 这个血量并不大
- And so the remaining --what is that, 65% of the blood, is actually in the vein, at any point of time.
- 剩下的65%的血液都在静脉中
- So that's remarkable, right?
- 这个血量是很大的
- About two thirds of the blood at any point of time is actually sitting in all the vein combined.
- 在某时刻，身体的2/3的血液在静脉中
- And so the way I've drawn it, isn't really --not really a best way to draw it.
- 大家看我画的图示，这个不太形象
- I should really erase this.
- 重新画一下
- And really redraw this to make it much more accurate.
- 如果要对应血量来画的话
- It should look a lot more like this, right, like a big giant lake of blood.
- 应该这么画，静脉要粗很多
- And so this is actually how to think about of the veins.
- 这是静脉的特点
- It's actually a very very low pressure but high volume system.
- 血压低，而血量很大
- So that might be the third point.
- 这是第三个不同点
- I'll bring up on the blood side --or, on the vein side.
- 我写在静脉这边
- Is that it's a high volume system. so, high volume.
- 静脉血量大
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