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本课程主要通过讲述15、16世纪意大利人的家庭生活，反应文艺复兴时期威尼斯人的婚姻制度、爱情观念以及血统沿袭等画面。这一时期的每位家庭成员之间的等级观念是怎样的呢？他们有着怎样的爱情观和社会束缚？丈夫作为家庭的主导地位，是以怎样的方式沿袭家庭的繁荣？男女间的社会关系是如何得到承认和理解的？敬请关注！
n. 相互作用，相互影响，互动交流
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- The conjugal family as a social institution
- 夫妇组建的小家庭作为一个社会单位
- was a creation of individual or small clusters of kinsmen
- 由此使得单独一群或小部分群体的男性亲属
- devising their functional social worlds on the basis of multiple relationships
- 把实际的社交活动按照不同的关系基础划分
- Ties of lineage certainly counted
- 家族关系当然是其一
- But it was also vital to consolidate marital connections
- 但加强婚姻纽带
- For one's family but also for the benefits of close relatives
- 不但对自身家庭，对近亲的利益也很重要
- As the golden book illustrates
- 这正如金皮书所说
- And at the center of this interwoven lineage and marriage connections
- 而位于这互相交织的家族和婚姻纽带中心
- actually the knot that tied the network together was the marital household
- 真正把这关系网连结在一起的是一对夫妇组织的家庭
- The individual cazza that centered around the union of a woman and a man
- 是一个单独的宗族，并以男女的结合为中心
- I'll devote the rest of this talk to exploring exactly who it was
- 接下来的部分我将继续探究究竟
- who made the Venetian domestic cazza
- 是哪一方塑造了威尼斯人的家庭
- The household came into being with one precise event a carefully planned wedding
- 这个家庭始于一个明确的事件，即精心筹备的婚礼
- And ended with another equally carefully contemplated by people writing their wills
- 止于另一事件，以同样也是仔细思考过的遗嘱为标志的
- The story of a domestic cazza is really the narrative of a marriage and its epilog
- 关于这些小家庭的故事，确实是一部关于婚姻及其收场的叙事文
- So I'll concentrate on what happened
- 所以我将集中关注
- when a woman and a man from two patrician families created a new conjugal family
- 来自两个贵族家族的男女怎样组织小家庭
- And began the narrative of their marriage
- 开始他们的婚姻故事
- And the new family that they made together
- 以及开始一个两人组合而成的新家庭
- Unlike those male identified cazzate and the lineages into which they were divided
- 不同于以男性为权威的宗族和细分而成的家族
- marriages were quintessentially bilinear
- 婚姻是典型的双系别
- uniting most often spouses from two different cazzate and two lineages in one new cazza
- 很多情况下联结着来自不同宗族，不同家族的男女组成的新家庭
- That kept alive the memory of both uniting families also unlike those patrilineal structures
- 这其中存有两个家庭的回忆也不像父系结构
- The marriages of Venetian nobles were not only bilinear but doubly gendered
- 威尼斯贵族的婚姻不仅是双系别的，也是双重性别的
- Not just in the obvious sense of uniting a woman and a man
- 其意义不仅在于男女的结合
- But in the role complicating interaction of women and men at every stage in the process
- 而是男女之间复杂的关系在整个过程中的每个阶段的作用
- Starting with the beginning the negotiating of the contract not surprisingly in this society
- 从最初筹办婚事开始，这个社会的共识是
- Men were expected to orchestrate the family's marriage making
- 男人应担负起筹办婚事的角色
- And sure enough the majority of contracts were negotiated by men
- 结果当然是大部分的婚事由男人商定
- In a group of 101, 15th century contracts
- 15世纪一组共101个婚约中
- The bride was represented by her father brother or other male relatives just under 80 percent of the time
- 女方派出父亲或兄弟或其他男性亲属80%的情况下是这样的
- Grooms were usually 10 to 15 years older as we've seen
- 新郎通常都比新娘大10到15岁，这是我们之前提到的
- So they tended to represent themselves
- 这样双方更易于表达自己
- They did so more than three quarters of the time
- 大概3/4的情况下如此
- But the active participation of women gives nuance to that male preponderance
- 但女人也积极参与进来，渗透到男人的垄断地位中
- In 42 of those 101 contracts women were among the contracting parties
- 这101宗婚约中有42宗都有女人参与进来
- Sometimes it was the brides themselves
- 有时是新娘自己
- But more often their mothers
- 但比较多的是她的母亲
- And occasionally the mothers of the bridegrooms
- 偶尔是新郎的母亲
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