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本课程主要通过讲述15、16世纪意大利人的家庭生活，反应文艺复兴时期威尼斯人的婚姻制度、爱情观念以及血统沿袭等画面。这一时期的每位家庭成员之间的等级观念是怎样的呢？他们有着怎样的爱情观和社会束缚？丈夫作为家庭的主导地位，是以怎样的方式沿袭家庭的繁荣？男女间的社会关系是如何得到承认和理解的？敬请关注！
n. 承诺，保证; 确定，实行
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- Families that invested large dowries wanted to maintain good relations with their daughters
- 筹办大额嫁妆的家庭希望和女儿们保持良好关系
- who could use their property for any purpose, and for any person they chose
- 她们使用这笔嫁妆可以基于任何目的，为任何值得的人
- so much so that even though a daughter's dowry could reduce her brother's inheritance prospects
- 以至于虽然这笔嫁妆会削减她的兄弟能够继承到的东西
- Some parents compounded the effect by making additional bequests to their married daughter
- 但一些父母却变本加厉为已婚的女儿追加遗产
- No doubt out of family affection
- 无疑除了感情的因素
- but also in the hope that their generosity would be reciprocated
- 父母也希望自己的慷慨会有回报
- when she decided the fate of her dowry in a will that
- 有一个女人在遗嘱中这样决定她嫁妆的去向
- she wrote 7 years after paying out the 1,000 ducat dowry of his daughter Christina Giovanni Morazzini
- 7年前她已经把1000金币作为女儿Christina Giovanni Morazzini的嫁妆
- who had several living brothers and nephews
- Christina的兄弟仍在世，也都育有后代
- Bequeathed her an additional 10,000 ducats' worth of shares in the public debt
- 她又另外馈赠给了Christina价值一万金币的公债股份
- out of this were to come dowries of 2,000 ducats for each of Christina's two daughters
- 相当于给了两个外孙女各2000金币的嫁妆
- who of course belonged to the lineage of Christina's husband
- 而两个孙女当然是女婿家的人
- He also made Christina his residuary heir
- Christina同样也是丈夫的遗产继承人
- Yacabo Da Molin in his will made his married daughter Chiara his residuary heir
- 遗嘱中Yacabo Da Molin决定让已婚的女儿Chiara作为继承人
- and bequeathed her his residence
- 把他的宅邸传给了她
- Moreover after Chiara's death that Da Molin property
- 而且Chiara死后Da Molin的资产
- that's family identified real estate was to be inherited by her sons
- 家族认定属房产由Chiara的儿子继承
- who were members of the lineage of Chiara's husband
- Chiara的儿子是她丈夫家族的人了
- And only if she had no sons was it to go to Yacabo's brothers and their sons or other patrilineal kin
- 只有在她没有子嗣的情况下才由Yacabo的兄弟子侄继承或由其他父系亲属继承
- Both of these cases show a father's affection for his married daughter prevailing over a loyalty to his lineage
- 这两个例子都说明了父亲对已婚女儿的舐犊情深，超乎对自己家族的忠诚
- Husbands also had a big stake in their wives' dowries
- 男人在妻子嫁妆上也有重大的相关利益
- For one they were obliged to place a lien on enough of their property
- 一方面他们必须抵押足够的财产
- to ensure the dowries return to their widows
- 才能确保妻子的嫁妆在自己死后重回他们之手
- Or their wives' chosen heirs at the end of the marriage
- 或传给妻子丧偶时选定的继承人
- Sometimes the pledged property took the form of immovables that were part of the dowry
- 有时被抵押的财产就是嫁妆中的不动产
- The husband got the rental income during the marriage
- 婚姻期间丈夫取得房产租金
- But the title to the property remained with the wife
- 但资产仍由妻子所有
- But often a cash heavy dowry required the husband or one of his kinsmen to guarantee it with his own property
- 若嫁妆通常包含大量现金则通常由丈夫或他的一个男性亲属用个人的财产做担保
- Most often real estate or interest yielding investments in the state's grain office
- 最通常的是地产或政府粮食局的投资利息收益
- The double effect of the dowry on a husband's economic substance
- 嫁妆的双重作用影响丈夫的经济状况
- That is its importance in the conjugal household's economic resources
- 它是夫妇组建的小家庭重要的经济来源
- And the commitment of the husband's property towards its restitution
- 同时丈夫需承诺用个人财产确保其完整
- meant that the economic character of the new marriage didn't correspond to the male lineage model
- 意味着这桩婚姻的经济状况不与男方的家族模式相对应
- It wasn't patrilineal or patrimonial but marital
- 不是父系或世袭的，而是夫妻双方的
- A complicated mingling of the assets of husband and wife
- 这是夫妻财产的混杂
- In fact the dowry went against the grain of lineage in two symmetrical ways
- 事实上嫁妆以两种对应的方式脱离了家族财产
- It depleted the resources of the wife's lineage especially her brothers'
- 它耗尽女方家族的资源，尤其是女方兄弟的
- And it put the economy of a new marital household on a bilinear foundation
- 它又将新家庭的财政置于一个双系别的基础上
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| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| commitment | [kə'mitmənt] | 联想记忆 | ||
| symmetrical | [si'metrikəl] | 联想记忆 | ||
| generosity | [.dʒenə'rɔsiti] | 联想记忆 | ||
| kin | [kin] | 联想记忆 | ||
| additional | [ə'diʃənl] | |||
| estate | [is'teit] | 联想记忆 | ||
| property | ['prɔpəti] | 联想记忆 | ||
| guarantee | [.gærən'ti:] | |||
| complicated | ['kɔmplikeitid] | |||
| affection | [ə'fekʃən] | 联想记忆 |
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