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本课程主要通过讲述15、16世纪意大利人的家庭生活，反应文艺复兴时期威尼斯人的婚姻制度、爱情观念以及血统沿袭等画面。这一时期的每位家庭成员之间的等级观念是怎样的呢？他们有着怎样的爱情观和社会束缚？丈夫作为家庭的主导地位，是以怎样的方式沿袭家庭的繁荣？男女间的社会关系是如何得到承认和理解的？敬请关注！
n. 财产，所有物，性质，地产，道具
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- To give you an idea between 1331 and 1360 noble dowries averaged 500 ducats
- 为了让你们好理解1331和1360年间，贵族嫁妆平均是500金币
- During the period 1361 to 90, the following three decades
- 1361到1390年间，即之后的三十年
- the average grew from 500 to 873 ducats
- 嫁妆平均数由500增加到873金币
- By the second half of the 15th century, a century later the average had risen to 1,230 ducats
- 到15世纪下半页，即一个世纪之后，平均增长到1230金币之多
- Nearly a 50 percent increase
- 增幅将近50%
- And they still kept going up
- 此后仍不断攀升
- By the first decade of the 16th century the average noble dowry had grown to 1,700 ducats
- 到16世纪前十年，贵族嫁妆的平均数增至1700金币
- That's a 350 percent increase during the 180 years since 1331
- 自1331年起的180年间增加了350%
- Here I want to say a bit more about Venetian dowries
- 我想再说一下威尼斯人的嫁妆
- Because they are the thread connecting love marriage and lineage
- 因为它维系着爱情，婚姻与血统
- Their breathtaking rise posed serious financial problems for families of marrying daughters
- 嫁妆的惊人的增长为女方家人造成了一个重大的财政难题
- The preamble to one of the futile dowry limiting laws
- 当时产生了一项限制嫁妆法
- That the Senate enacted to stem the tide stated that
- 由上院制定以抑制此趋势，其中一部的序言写到
- the relentless inflation prevented many nobles from arranging marriages for their daughter
- 无情的通胀使众多贵族家庭无法为女儿们定亲
- with the result that many girls were
- 导致了许多闺秀们
- in the words of the law imprisoned in convents amid tears and wailing
- 用法规的话来说，禁闭在修道院中以泪洗面
- One estimate is that by the middle of the 16th century
- 一项预计显示，到16世纪中页
- more than half of all patrician women were locked up or in convents
- 有大半的适婚女儿被束之闺阁或修道院
- Although some of them went voluntarily
- 当然有一些是自愿的
- But even fathers who did manage to gather enough wealth for a respectable marriage
- 但即使一个父亲有足够的财富为女儿筹办体面的亲事
- did so in the words of one dowry limiting act to the detriment of their male heirs
- 其结果却如法规所言，对他儿子们造成损害
- That was no exaggeration
- 这并不夸张
- One woman writing her will left all her property to her father because
- 一个女人在遗嘱中写到，死后所有财产留给父亲
- as she put it he was so unmindful of his other daughters and his sons
- 她说他如此不顾其他儿女
- that he put half of his wealth into my dowry
- 而将大半财产为我置办嫁妆
- And she asked her husband pardon for not leaving him anything
- 她请求丈夫的原谅，因为她并未给他留下任何遗产
- And a patrician father was even more explicit
- 另外一位贵族父亲更加直接
- he denied his married daughter any share in his estate
- 死后他已婚的女儿不能分到他一丁点房产
- Because he said and there's a quote she has received much more than her brothers will get
- 引用他说的，她得到的已经多过她兄弟将得到的
- Another woman the mother of one girl and one boy divided her estate between them
- 另一个育有一儿一女的母亲将她的财产分给了两人
- Except that her daughter in her words should have over and above her share as much extra
- 但她的女儿，据她所说应享有她份额之外另外的部分
- as my executors deem necessary for her dowry
- 只要遗嘱执行人认为是嫁妆所需就行
- All of this points to the exquisite dilemma faced by parents of daughters
- 所有这些说明了这些女儿的父母所面临的微妙困境
- Either they imposed hardships on their families by allocating large dowries
- 如果置办大额嫁妆的话，他们会为家庭带来困境
- or they risked forfeiting patrician honor
- 或置其贵族荣耀于险地
- And the advantages of well-placed sons and brothers in law by not doing so
- 如果不置办的话，会损害有好着落的女婿叔侄的利益
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