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本课程主要通过讲述15、16世纪意大利人的家庭生活，反应文艺复兴时期威尼斯人的婚姻制度、爱情观念以及血统沿袭等画面。这一时期的每位家庭成员之间的等级观念是怎样的呢？他们有着怎样的爱情观和社会束缚？丈夫作为家庭的主导地位，是以怎样的方式沿袭家庭的繁荣？男女间的社会关系是如何得到承认和理解的？敬请关注！
n. 环境，外界
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- During episodes of political contestation
- 当政治纷争
- between rich and poor lineages or ancient and newer ones
- 在贫富血统间或是在新旧血统之间产生时便是如此
- In this environment a noble seeking the benefits of his class
- 此环境下，一个贵族若要谋求其阶级的利益
- such as election to a high status or a remunerative office counted on his lineage mates first
- 比如在选举中升职或谋求更有油水的职位，首先得依靠他的家族配偶
- Then his lineage's allies to gather votes in the great council where most elections were held
- 其次是其家族的盟友才能在举行选举的议会上拉票
- But whether they were politically ambitious
- 他们无论是出于政治野心
- or economically dependent on office stipends
- 还是经济上依靠官俸
- or simply securing for themselves the privileges of their class
- 或是只想确保自己享有阶级特权
- nobles relied on the support and connections available to them as members of their lineage
- 贵族们都要依赖于有效的支持和亲属关系的纽带，这些都基于他们的家族成员身份
- Though I'll discuss later that they relied on other sources of support as well
- 不过待会儿我会讲到，他们也依赖于别处的支持
- Another thing about those lineages was that like all European elites of the time
- 下面是关于他们血统的另一方面，和当时欧洲所有的上层阶级一样
- Venice's patriciate was male centered in every formal respect
- 威尼斯的贵族阶级方方面面都以男性主导
- Men were legally favored in inheritance
- 男性依法享有财产优先继承权
- They were the titular heads of households
- 他们是名义上的户主
- They had hereditary right to participate in government which was of course denied to their sisters
- 世袭享有参政的权力，女人们却不能享有这一切
- And their houses the cazzate, the lineages within them
- 他们的府邸，其中的整个家族
- And the individual households were all defined on the basis of patrilineal descent
- 乃至单个家庭的定义都基于父系血统
- At the level of the individual family
- 说到在单个家庭的层面
- brothers were bound together in a system of undivided inheritance
- 兄弟间的纽带建立在不可分割的继承权这一制度上
- The fraternal which lasted two generations
- 这一纽带跨越两代人
- That meant that the brothers' sons
- 这意味着几兄弟的儿子们
- were born into an intergenerational continuity of shared economic interest
- 自出生便可共享这一连续两代间的纽带，进而共享经济利益
- Women had a completely different status
- 妇女的地位则完全不同
- They bore their father's name until they married and in that sense they were members of the lineage
- 婚前被冠以父名。标志她是某家族成员
- But it was a second class membership
- 但却是低人一等的成员
- For one thing sisters were not included in the fraterna
- 一方面女人并不像她们的兄弟一样享有继承权
- But there's a more telling symbolic indication of their ambiguous family membership
- 另一事实可以说明她们的家族成员名分模棱两可
- In the 16th century patrician lineages started keeping systematic records of their genealogies and marriages
- 贵族阶级在16世纪就开始登记族谱和婚姻
- But while those compilations recorded the first names of men
- 男人的名字被记录入册
- The women were literally anonymous listed simply as the daughter of so and so
- 而女人却成为无名氏仅仅被登记为某某之女
- or the wife of so and so without their given names
- 或某某之妻，她们的名字不予记载
- yet things get complicated around the identification of the wife of so and so
- 而事情往往复杂在某某之妻的身份鉴定上
- Precisely because all the kinship levels were male structured
- 准确来说是因为血缘关系都以男性为主体
- Women occupied an alternative almost contrapuntal place in the patriciate
- 贵族阶级中女人占据可有可无甚至是次要的地位
- That ambiguous lineage orientation for women
- 将女人在家族定位中模糊化
- was in fact an engine of social contingency and complexity set in motion by marriage
- 其实是社会变故的手段而推动了这一复杂局面的正是婚姻
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| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| environment | [in'vaiərənmənt] | |||
| continuity | [.kɔnti'nju:iti] | |||
| hereditary | [hi'reditəri] | |||
| occupied | ||||
| counted | [kaunt] | |||
| orientation | [.ɔ:rien'teiʃən] | 联想记忆 | ||
| complexity | [kəm'pleksiti] | 联想记忆 | ||
| complicated | ['kɔmplikeitid] | |||
| undivided | [,ʌndi'vaidid] | |||
| gather | ['gæðə] |
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