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视频简介：
本课程的目标是，向公众提供最新的有关营养方面的信息和话题，内容涵盖饮食因素对于癌症的影响作用，健康的饮食习惯，学校能提供的营养有哪些，咖啡因与癌症的联系，水果蔬菜与癌症预防等。通过本课程的学习，人们可以学习到健康的生活饮食习惯，在每天的饮食中防癌症于未然。
n. 蛋白质
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- Research has determined that Saccharine appears to be non genotoxic or a non DNA reactive chemical.
- 研究表明，糖精不会对基因造成损害，同时与DNA也不会发生反应
- This means it has not been shown to damage or mutate DNA.
- 这意味着，并无证据显示它能损害DNA
- Saccharine is not metabolized and is not made into electrofile.
- 或造成DNA突变，糖精不能新陈代谢也不能进行电解，
- So it is it unable to bind to DNA.
- 因此它无法与DNA发生反应，
- One publicized research study shows that
- 一项公开的研究表明
- saccharine induces bladder cancer in male rats who eat a diet high in saccharine.
- 摄入含有大量糖精的食物的公鼠可能会患上膀胱癌
- This was also found in a study looking at offspring of rats fed saccharine.
- 在另一项关于喂食糖精的小鼠幼仔的实验中发现了类似的结果，
- Although the rats used in these tests were prone to bladder parasites
- 尽管试验中所用的小鼠本来就易罹患肾癌
- and the mechanism saccharine induces saccharine induces cancer in rats does not apply to humans.
- 同时糖精在小鼠体内诱发癌症的机制并不适用于人体
- Also this study on rats has not been replicated by any other researchers.
- 而也并没有任何其他研究者再来验证过这项研究，
- Other studies have looked at other animals such as monkeys mice hamsters and guinea pigs.
- 另外一些研究曾以其他动物为实验对象，如猴子仓鼠和豚鼠
- Overall the association between bladder cancer and saccharine has not been reproduced.
- 但是膀胱癌和糖精摄入之间的关系依旧不甚明了
- One study analyses the effects of saccharine consumption from birth to death in monkey.
- 一项研究分析了糖精在猴子的一生中所产生的作用
- Monkeys are one of the best animal models to use
- 猴子是最好的动物实验标本之一
- because they are more similar to humans than some other animal models.
- 因为它们与其他一些动物相比与人类最为相似
- The researchers emphasized the relationship between saccharine and bladder cancer.
- 研究人员着重研究了糖精和膀胱癌之间的关系
- The 20 treatment monkeys received 25 mg of saccharine per day from 24 hours after birth to their death.
- 实验中的20只猴子从出生到死亡，每天都要摄入25毫克的糖精
- The dose used was 5 to 10 times the dose that is recommended to humans.
- 这一摄入量是人类建议摄入量的5-10倍，
- Depending on the size of the monkey.
- 根据猴子身体的大小进行计算
- 60 monkeys made up the control group to compare to the treatment group.
- 60只猴子组成控制组与实验组进行对比
- The urine from both groups was analyzed for various chemicals that are sometimes evidence of bladder cancer.
- 两组的尿液都会被拿来检验，看其中是否含有作为膀胱癌标志的化学元素，
- After the death of each monkey their bladders were analyzed.
- 在每只猴子死后它们的膀胱都要被拿出检测
- At the end of the study in 1995
- 1995年实验结束的时候，
- there was no evidence of abnormal cell growth in the urethulum.
- 没有证据表明泌尿系统中并无异常细胞
- This includes various parts of the bladder,
- 其中包括膀胱的不同部分
- including renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
- 有肾盂，输尿管，膀胱和尿道
- No monkeys in the control group showed signs of bladder cancer.
- 控制组中的猴子全部没有发现膀胱癌的迹象
- Both control and treatment monkeys showed the same changes in their bladder throughout the study.
- 控制组和实验组的猴子在实验的全部过程中，都表现出的同样的膀胱改变，
- Measurements from the urine samples showed no difference between the treatment and control group.
- 尿液样本检查也表明两组之间并无差异
- The pH, protein, calcium and phosphate levels in urine were analyzed
- 研究人员分析了尿液中的酸碱值，蛋白质和碳酸盐水平，
- because altered levels are sometimes associated with bladder cancer.
- 因为这些值的改变有可能与膀胱癌息息相关
- There was no significant difference between control and treatment groups in each of these measurements.
- 就每个数值而言两组之间都没有显著的差异
- In conclusion this study supports the claim that saccharine is without carcinogenic or DNA damaging effects,
- 总而言之，这项研究表明糖精不会致癌，也不会造成DNA损伤，
- and would not increase the risk of cancer.
- 并且不会增加罹患癌症的几率
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