评论
打印
课程介绍:
本课程对罗马帝国和前苏联的兴衰进行回顾，探讨它们历史变迁的内在规律，并将现代的超级大国——美国与它们进行比较，从而作出对未来可能的一些预测。
原声视频：
vi. 顺从，遵照，答应
您现在的位置： 首页 > 英语听力 > 公开课 > 超级大国的兴衰 > 正文
- With time Carthage gained control over much of the North African coastline,
- 一段时间后，迦太基就控制了北非洲海岸的绝大部分地区
- along with Corsica and Sardinia, and began to
- 还有科西嘉岛和撒丁岛
- fight with Greek cities for influence in Sicily.
- 与希腊城市争夺对西西里岛的控制
- By three ten BC all of Sicily, just about, was part of the Carthaginian empire.
- 在公元前310年，整个西西里岛都成为迦太基帝国的一部分
- As mentioned earlier,
- 我之前提到过
- Rome's victories in the Pyrrhic wars had
- 罗马赢得皮洛士战争
- given her control over the Italian peninsula by two seventy two BC.
- 也就使她有了对意大利半岛的控制权那是在公元前272年
- This fact made Rome a Mediterranean power by default, equal to the quote, unquote,
- 这也就使罗马成为地中海强国也就相当于
- successor states of Alexander the Great to the east,
- 东部亚历山大帝国之后的大国
- and to the west, the Carthaginian Empire. In fact,
- 而在西部的另一强国是迦太基帝国
- Rome and Carthage are surprisingly close together for two such famous enemies.
- 实事上，罗马与迦太基距离很近但他们却相互憎恶
- They are on different continents but they are separated
- 他们属于不同大洲
- only by two narrow straights and the island of Sicily.
- 但他们仅被两个窄窄的海峡和西西里岛隔开
- Remember that the United States has always been fixated on the Island of Cuba, and not without reason.
- 请记住，美国曾经对古巴岛念念不忘，不是没有原因
- Cuba is only ninety miles away from
- 古巴距美国大陆
- the mainland United States and
- 仅有九十公里
- any power with a base on Cuba would present a clear and present danger.
- 任何在古巴有基地的强国都会带来迫切的危险
- Sicily had long since ben settled by Greek
- 西西里岛早就有希腊人居住
- and Phoenician colonists and was packed with city states of its own, many of which were older and more established than Rome.
- 还有腓尼基人殖民，那里还有大量它自己的城邦绝大多数城邦都比罗马更加古老
- Carthage already controlled the western half of Sicily
- 迦太基已经控制了西西里岛西部
- and thought of the rest of the as being in their sphere of influence.
- 也认为其余地区也都受其影响很深
- When the Mamertines, a group of Italian mercenaries
- 当一队意大利雇用士兵
- living in Messina on the northern tip of Sicily,
- 生活在西西里岛南端的墨西拿时
- revolted against Carthage in two sixty four BC.
- 他们在公元前264年反抗迦太基人
- Carthage struck back hard.
- 迦太基人全面受挫
- At this point the Mamertine mercenaries appealed to Rome for help.
- 这时，这些雇用士兵请求罗马的帮助
- The Romans were not obligated to comply.
- 罗马本无需答应
- After all, Rome and Carthage had always been friends.
- 无论如何，罗马曾一直与迦太基为善
- The Romans didn't care about a bunch of Italian mercenaries
- 罗马人才不担心那些意大利士兵呢
- who were happy to take Carthaginian money
- 他们喜滋滋地在迦太基赚了钱
- and then got mad at Carthage.
- 又对迦太基生气
- But the idea of a Carthaginian naval base
- 一些到迦太基在意大利南端的海军基地
- just off the tip of Italy scared them to death.
- 他们就吓得要死
- Therefore, the senate recommended that
- 因此，元老院建议
- Rome support the Mamertines against the Carthaginians.
- 罗马应该支持那些士兵反抗迦太基
- This met the dictates 'of the Ius Fetiales,
- 这就符合了和平条约的内容
- that is to say it meant that
- 也就是说
- the Carthaginians started it
- 是迦太基人开启了战争
- and it touched off what we call the first Punic War.
- 这也就触发了第一次布匿战役
- The technology itself, of the first Punic War between Rome and Carthage,
- 而技术本身罗马与迦太基之间的第一次布匿战争本身
- which lasted from two sixty four to two forty one BC, is pretty interesting.
- 是非常有趣的这场战役从公元前264持续到公元前241年
- Since the Sicilian mountains are no place to fight
- 但西西里岛的山区不适合陆地战
- a land war most of the war took place at sea.
- 大部分战役都在海上进行
- There was one problem for the Romans
- 但罗马人有一个问题
- because they were complete and total landlubbers.
- 因为他们完全适应陆地的生活
- The odds would seem stacked in favour of the sea
- 适应水中作战的迦太基人更有胜算
- fairing Carthaginians. But typically Roman is the fact
- 但事实上，罗马人
- that they figured out a strategy for
- 他们找到了一条策略
- taking the land war onto the sea.
- 把陆地搬进海洋
- Instead of ramming the Carthaginian ships, which was standard practice at the time,
- 他们没有捣毁迦太基船只那时捣毁船只才是惯用做法
- the Romans developed a gangplank with a big hook
- 罗马人发明了一种带着大钩跳板
- in the end which they called a corvus or crow.
- 后来他们把它叫做"乌鸦"
扫描二维码进行跟读打分训练
- 阅读本文的人还阅读了：
可可英语官方微信(微信号:ikekenet)
每天向大家推送短小精悍的英语学习资料.
添加方式1.扫描上方可可官方微信二维码。
添加方式2.搜索微信号ikekenet添加即可。
添加方式1.扫描上方可可官方微信二维码。
添加方式2.搜索微信号ikekenet添加即可。
