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演讲简介：
艾丽丝·德雷格尔和她的同伴一起从事于边缘解剖学，例如连体儿和双性人。根据她的观察，在其他的结构特征中，男性和女性的分界线是很模糊的。为我们带来了一个问题：为什么要让我们的生理特征决定我们的命运。
n. 活动，运动，移动，[音]乐章
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- And that was democracy growing up,
- 民主制度在当时正在形成
- but it was also science growing up at the same time.
- 但同时科技也在发展
- And it's really clear, if you look at the history of the Founding Fathers,
- 非常明显的是，如果你注意一下建国者的历史
- a lot of them were very interested in science,
- 他们中的许多人都对科学很感兴趣
- and they were interested in a concept
- 并且他们都对自然主义世界这个概念
- of a naturalistic world.
- 很感兴趣
- They were moving away from supernatural explanations,
- 他们摒弃超自然的说法
- and they were rejecting things like a supernatural concept of power,
- 他们排斥那些关于超自然力量的说法
- where it transmitted
- 因为超自然力量的概念被传播
- because of a very vague concept of birthright.
- 是基于非常模糊的身世的理念
- They were moving towards a naturalistic concept.
- 他们倡导自然主义的概念
- And if you look, for example, in the Declaration of Independence,
- 如果你观察会发现，例如在独立宣言中
- they talk about nature and nature's God.
- 他们提及到自然和自然之神
- They don't talk about God and God's nature.
- 他们没有提到上帝和上帝的自然
- They're talking about the power of nature
- 他们提到自然的力量
- to tell us who we are.
- 来解释我们是谁
- So as part of that,
- 因此作为其中的一部分
- they were coming to us with a concept
- 他们为我们带来一个概念
- that was about anatomical commonality.
- 那就是人人生来平等
- And in doing so, they were really setting up in a beautiful way
- 为此，他们确实为将来的民权运动
- the Civil Rights movement of the future.
- 铺垫了一个很美好的道路
- They didn't think of it that way, but they did it for us, and it was great.
- 他们想不到将来会怎样，但是他们为我们奠定了基础，这是非常伟大的
- So what happened years afterward?
- 那么数年后发生了什么呢？
- What happened was women, for example,
- 例如在女性身上都发生了什么
- who wanted the right to vote,
- 她们渴望投票的权利
- took the Founding Fathers' concept
- 按照建国者的概念
- of anatomical commonality being more important
- 人人平等要远重要于
- than anatomical difference
- 人的出身
- and said, "The fact that we have a uterus and ovaries
- 她们说：“我们有子宫和卵巢是事实
- is not significant enough in terms of a difference
- 这些不同完全不足以
- to mean that we shouldn't have the right to vote,
- 意味着我们没有投票权
- the right to full citizenship,
- 没有充分的公民权利
- the right to own property, etc., etc."
- 没有私人财产权等等”
- And women successfully argued that.
- 女性的主张获得了成效
- Next came the successful Civil Rights movement,
- 接下来便是成功的民权运动
- where we found people like Sojourner Truth
- 运动中出现了像索杰纳·特鲁思这样的人
- talking about, "Ain't I a woman?"
- 她的名言“我就不是女人吗？”
- We find men
- 我们知道男人
- on the marching lines of the Civil Rights movement
- 曾经在民权运动的发展路线上
- saying, "I am a man."
- 有句名言“我是个男人”
- Again, people of color
- 此外，有色人群
- appealing to a commonality of anatomy over a difference of anatomy,
- 呼吁人人平等而不应种族歧视
- again, successfully.
- 再者，
- We see the same thing with the disability rights movement.
- 我们看到同样的成功案例发生在伤残人士的权利运动中
- The problem is, of course,
- 问题是，当然
- that, as we begin to look at all that commonality,
- 当我们开始去审视所有的公民
- we have to begin to question
- 我们不得不开始质疑
- why we maintain certain divisions.
- 为什么我们去维护一个固定的界限
- Now mind you, I want to maintain some divisions,
- 现在，需要提醒大家的是，我希望去保持一些界限
- anatomically, in our culture.
- 身体结构上的，在我们的文化范围被内
- For example, I don't want
- 举个例子，我不希望
- to give a fish the same rights as a human.
- 给予鱼和人类一样的权利
- I don't want to say we give up entirely on anatomy.
- 我不希望我们放弃一切在解剖学上的区分界限
- I don't want to say five-year-olds
- 我不希望，一个五岁的孩子
- should be allowed to consent to sex or consent to marry.
- 可以被允许有性行为或者说允许结婚
- So there are some anatomical divisions
- 所以说，有一些在解剖学上的界限
- that make sense to me and that I think we should retain.
- 对我们来说是有意义的，我想那些应该被保留
- But the challenge is trying to figure out which ones they are
- 但是，艰巨的任务是试着去找出哪些是应该保留的
- and why do we retain them and do they have meaning.
- 为什么我们要保留它们，它们有什么意义
- So let's go back to those two beings
- 所以，让我们回到刚才说到的那两人
- conceived at the beginning of this talk.
- 就是演讲一开始所虚构的那两个人
- We have two beings, both conceived
- 我们有两对夫妇
- in the middle of 1979 on the exact same day.
- 都在1979年年中的同一天怀孕了
- Let's imagine one of them, Mary,
- 让我们设想一下，玛丽
- is born three months prematurely,
- 提前三个月出生了
- so she's born on June 1, 1980.
- 因此她出生于1980年6月1日
- Henry, by contrast, is born at term,
- 亨利，相反的，足月出生
- so he's born on March 1, 1980.
- 他出生于1980年3月1日
- Simply by virtue of the fact
- 仅仅是由于
- that Mary was born prematurely three months,
- 玛丽早出生了三个月这个事实
- she comes into all sorts of rights
- 她获得各种权利的时间
- three months earlier than Henry does --
- 要比亨利早三个月
- the right to consent to sex,
- 允许有性行为的权利
- the right to vote, the right to drink.
- 选举的权利，喝酒的权利
- Henry has to wait for all of that,
- 亨利就不得不等待
- not because he's actually any different in age, biologically,
- 他的生理学年龄没有任何不同
- except in terms of when he was born.
- 只是因为他出生的时间不同
- We find other kinds of weirdness in terms of what their rights are.
- 我们还发现其他一些离奇的权利问题
- Henry, by virtue of being assumed to be male --
- 亨利，由于被假定为男性--
- although I haven't told you that he's the XY one --
- 尽管我没有告诉过大家他是XY型染色体——
- by virtue of being assumed to be male
- 由于被假定为男性
- is now liable to be drafted,
- 所以现在要应征入伍
- which Mary does not need to worry about.
- 玛丽就不需要去担心这些
- Mary, meanwhile, cannot in all the states
- 与此同时，玛丽不能在所有的州
- have the same right that Henry has in all the states,
- 像亨利一样享受同样权利
- namely, the right to marry.
- 也就是，结婚的权利
- Henry can marry in every state a woman,
- 亨利可以在任何一个州结婚
- but Mary can only marry today in a few states a woman.
- 但是玛丽如今只能在少数几个州娶一位女性
- So we have these anatomical categories that persist
- 因此我们所坚持的一些结构上的生物分类
- that are in many ways problematic and questionable.
- 它们在很多方面是有问题并且需要质疑的
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| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| movement | ['mu:vmənt] | 联想记忆 | ||
| declaration | [.deklə'reiʃən] | 联想记忆 | ||
| questionable | ['kwestʃənəbəl] | |||
| liable | ['laiəbl] | |||
| concept | ['kɔnsept] | |||
| disability | [disə'biliti] | |||
| figure | ['figə] | 联想记忆 | ||
| retain | [ri'tein] | 联想记忆 | ||
| democracy | [di'mɔkrəsi] | 联想记忆 | ||
| appealing | [ə'pi:liŋ] |
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