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演讲简介：
剑桥大学的研究员奥布里德格雷Aubrey de Grey认为，衰老只不过是一种疾病——一种可治愈的疾病。根据奥布里德格雷Aubrey de Grey，人类的衰老主要体现在7个方面，所有这一切都可以得以避免。
adj. 典型的，有代表性的，特有的，独特的
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- It's got to be philanthropic, because profits distract biotech,
- 这些研究的钱的来源最好是慈善，因为利润会分散生物技术研究公司的注意力，
- but it's basically got a 90 percent chance, I think, of succeeding in this.
- 但我认为它基本上有着百分之九十的机会成功。
- And I think we know how to do it. And I'll stop there.
- 因为我们已经知道应该怎么做。我就说到这里。
- Thank you.
- 谢谢您。
- OK. I don't know if there's going to be any questions
- 好。我不知道大家有没有问题，
- but I thought I would give people the chance.
- 但我想我会给他们机会。
- Since you've been talking about aging and trying to defeat it,
- 既然你在谈论老龄化，并试图战胜它，
- why is it that you make yourself appear like an old man?
- 那为什么你看上去就像一位老人呢？
- Because I am an old man. I am actually 158.
- 因为我是一个老人。其实我是已经是一百五十八岁。
- Species on this planet have evolved with immune systems
- 这个星球上的物种进化了免疫系统，
- to fight off all the diseases so that individuals live long enough to procreate.
- 以对抗各种的疾病，使个人活到足够生育的年龄。
- However, as far as I know, all the species have evolved to actually die,
- 不过，据我所知，所有的物种都进化到实际会死亡，
- so when cells divide, the telomerase get shorter, and eventually species die.
- 因此，当细胞分裂时，端粒酶变得越来越短了，最终物种死亡。
- So, why does -- evolution has -- seems to have selected against immortality,
- 那么，为什么进化过程似乎已选定‘针对’永存不朽？
- when it is so advantageous, or is evolution just incomplete?
- 或者那只是进化过程还不完整？
- Brilliant. Thank you for asking a question
- 好！谢谢你问一个我可以
- that I can answer with an uncontroversial answer.
- 用一个没有争议的答案来回答你。
- I'm going to tell you the genuine mainstream answer to your question,
- 我要告诉你主流思想的答案来回答你的问题，
- which I happen to agree with,
- 我也恰巧同意这个答案。
- which is that, no, aging is not a product of selection, evolution;
- 那就是，不，老化不是一个进化过程的后果，
- is simply a product of evolutionary neglect.
- 只是进化过程所忽视的后果。
- In other words, we have aging because it's hard work not to have aging;
- 换句话说，我们会老化，因为没有老化的话比较难；
- you need more genetic pathways, more sophistication in your genes
- 你需要更多的遗传途径，你的基因需要变得更复杂，
- in order to age more slowly,
- 以便让你老的比较慢些，
- and that carries on being true the longer you push it out.
- 而且你越想要把老化推迟，你就越需要面对这些难题。
- So, to the extent that evolution doesn't matter,
- 因此，到进化不重要的程度，
- doesn't care whether genes are passed on by individuals,
- 不在乎是个体，
- living a long time or by procreation,
- 或则生活的很长的一段时间，
- there's a certain amount of modulation of that,
- 或则靠生育种种方法来把基因传给下一代，有一定的调节，
- which is why different species have different lifespans,
- 这就是为什么不同物种有不同的寿命，
- but that's why there are no immortal species.
- 但是这就是为什么没有永存的物种。
- The genes don't care but we do?
- 这些基因并不关心，但我们关心？
- That's right.
- 是的。
- Hello. I read somewhere that in the last 20 years,
- 您好。我听说在过去的二十年中，
- the average lifespan of basically anyone on the planet has grown by 10 years.
- 基本上这个星球上的人的平均寿命增长了十年。
- If I project that, that would make me think
- 如果以这个资料推断，如果我没有在我的摩托车上发生任何事故，
- that I would live until 120 if I don't crash on my motorbike.
- 我将能够活到一百二十岁。
- That means that I'm one of your subjects to become a 1,000-year-old?
- 这意味着，我将会变成你所谓能够活到一千年研究课题之一？
- If you lose a bit of weight.
- 如果你瘦一点儿。
- Your numbers are a bit out.
- 你的数据有点出入。
- The standard numbers are that lifespans
- 标准的数字是，
- have been growing at between one and two years per decade.
- 寿命已经在每十年增长一至两年。
- So, it's not quite as good as you might think, you might hope.
- 因此，它不是你觉得或希望的那么好。
- But I intend to move it up to one year per year as soon as possible.
- 不过，我打算尽快将它快速发展到每年寿命多一年。
- I was told that many of the brain cells we have as adults
- 我被告知，许多我们成人的脑细胞，
- are actually in the human embryo,
- 实际上在胚胎里是就有了，
- and that the brain cells last 80 years or so.
- 而脑细胞能活八十年左右的时间。
- If that is indeed true,
- 如果事实的确如此，
- biologically are there implications in the world of rejuvenation?
- 在生理的角度看，对再生的世界会有什么影响？
- If there are cells in my body that live all 80 years,
- 如果在我身体的所有细胞，
- as opposed to a typical, you know, couple of months?
- 可以活到八十年，而不是一个典型的在两个月就死去的细胞？
- There are technical implications certainly.
- 当然，这是技术问题。
- Basically what we need to do is replace cells
- 基本上我们需要做的是取代大脑
- in those few areas of the brain that lose cells at a respectable rate,
- 的几个领域的细胞的流失率，
- especially neurons, but we don't want to replace them
- 尤其是神经元，但我们不想比
- any faster than that -- or not much faster anyway,
- 那流失率更快地取代任何细胞 –
- because replacing them too fast would degrade cognitive function.
- 因为更换地太快会降低认知功能。
- What I said about there being no non-aging species earlier on
- 我刚刚说的没有不老化物种
- was a little bit of an oversimplification.
- 是有点过于简单化。
- There are species that have no aging -- Hydra for example --
- 有些物种没有老化。例如水螅 –
- but they do it by not having a nervous system --
- 因为他们没有一个神经系统 –
- and not having any tissues in fact that rely for their function
- 也没有任何用于老化的的细胞
- on very long-lived cells.
- 却有长寿的细胞组织。
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