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演讲简介：
什么控制着衰老？生物化学家辛西娅·肯尼娅找到了一个变异基因，可以使秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命延长一倍。这项发现和其他发现一起，昭示出我们也许有一天能够显著延长人类青年期的寿命
n. 温度，气温，体温，发烧
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- Thank you, Cynthia.
- 谢谢，辛西娅
- Let me get this straight.
- 让我直说
- Although you're looking for a drug
- 尽管你在找寻一种药
- that can solve aging
- 它能解决
- in old men like me,
- 像我一样老人的衰老问题
- what you could do now pretty well in the lab,
- 几乎在实验室你能做什么
- if you were allowed ethically,
- 如果你在道德上被准许
- is start a human life from scratch
- 从人类生命开始
- with altered genes that would make it live for a lot longer?
- 改变基因就能使得人们生命更长久吗
- Ah, so the kinds of drugs I was talking about
- 我刚在讲这些药
- would not change the genes,
- 不是改变基因
- they would just bind to the protein itself
- 它们只会联系到蛋白质本身
- and change its activity.
- 改变它的活性
- So if you stop taking the drug, the protein would go back to normal.
- 所以如果你停止服药，蛋白质会返回到平常
- You could change the genes in principle.
- 原则上你可以改变基因
- There isn't the technology to do that.
- 还没有科技这样做
- But I don't think that's a good idea.
- 但我也认为这不是个好主意
- And the reason is
- 理由是
- that these hormones,
- 这些激素
- like the insulin and the IGF hormones and the TOR pathway,
- 就像胰岛素和IGF-1激素和TOR传递
- they're essential.
- 它们是最基本的
- If you knock them out completely, then you're very sick.
- 假若你完全没有它们，随后你就病得很重
- So it might be that you would just have to fine tune it very carefully
- 所以可能只会非常小心地调试它们
- to get the benefits without getting any problems.
- 在没有什么意外情况下使它们起作用
- And I think that's much better,
- 我想这会更好
- that kind of control would be much better as a drug.
- 这种调试就像用药一样会更好
- And also, there are other ways of activating FOXO
- 当然，也有其他方法激活FOXO
- that don't even involve insulin or IGF-1
- 甚至不需要胰岛素和IGF-1激素
- that might even be safer.
- 这甚至会更加安全
- I wasn't suggesting that I was going to go and do it, but ...
- 我不是建议我要去试试，但是
- There's a phenomenon which you have written about and spoken about,
- 你曾写过和讲过一种现象
- which is a negligible senescence.
- 它是一种可忽略的衰老
- There are some creatures on this planet already
- 在这星球上已经有些生物
- that don't really do aging.
- 它们不会衰老
- Just move to one side for us, if you would.
- 那让我们从另一面来说，假若可行的话
- There are. There are some animals that don't seem to age.
- 是的，有些动物好像不会衰老
- For example, there are some tortoises called Blanding's turtles.
- 例如，有种叫布兰丁的龟
- And they grow to be about this size.
- 它们生长到约这种尺寸
- And they've been tagged, and they've been found to be 70 years old.
- 它们被标记，我们发现它们是70岁
- And when you look at these 70 year-old turtles,
- 当看着这些70岁龟
- you can't tell the difference, just by looking,
- 你不能只从相貌看出区别
- between those turtles and 20 year-old turtles.
- 在这些70岁龟和20岁龟之间
- And the 70 year-old ones,
- 70岁龟
- actually they're better at scouting out the good nesting places,
- 事实上能更好地探出安巢的好地方
- and they also have more progeny every year.
- 它们每年也有更多的后代
- And there are other examples of these kinds of animals,
- 还有其它这种动物
- like turns, certain kinds of birds are like this.
- 像是某种鸟类就好比这个
- And nobody knows if they really can live forever,
- 没人知道它们真的能永世活着
- or what keeps them from aging.
- 或者是什么使得它们不衰老
- It's not clear.
- 这都不清楚
- If you look at birds, which live a long time,
- 如果你看看鸟类，那些活很长的
- cells from the birds tend to be more resistant
- 这些鸟的细胞趋于更能抵制
- to a lot of different environmental stresses
- 许多不同种的环境压力
- like high temperature
- 比如高温
- or hydrogen peroxide, things like that.
- 或过氧化氢，像这类似的
- And our long-lived mutants are too.
- 我们长寿变异体也是如此
- They're more resistant to these kinds of stresses.
- 它们更能抵制这些压力
- So it could be that the pathways that I've been talking about,
- 所以这可能是我所说的传递
- which are set to run really quickly in the worm,
- 它在线虫身上设定和运转得非常快
- have a different normal set point
- 有一个不同标准设定点
- in something like a bird, so that a bird can live a lot longer.
- 如同鸟身上的那种，以至于鸟类能活很久
- And maybe they're even set really differently
- 或许它们甚至在动物中设定得非常不同
- in animals with no senescence at all -- but we don't know.
- 一点都没有衰老--但我们不得而知
- But what you're talking about here
- 但你这儿所谈到的
- is not extending human lifespan
- 不是通过预防死亡
- by preventing death,
- 来延长人类寿命
- so much as extending human youthspan.
- 如同延长人类青春期一样
- Yes, that's right.
- 是的，是这样
- It's more like, say, if you were a dog.
- 这更像是，如果比作狗
- You notice that you're getting old, and you look at your human
- 你发觉你在变老，你看看人类
- and you think, "Why isn't this human getting old?"
- 你想，“为什么这人不变老？”
- They're not getting old in the dog's lifespan.
- 在狗的一生，人们没有变老
- It's more like that.
- 这更像这种情况
- But now we're the human looking out and imagining a different human.
- 但现在我们是人类看着和想象着一个不同的人
- Thank you very much indeed, Cynthia Kenyon.
- 的确十分感谢，辛西娅·肯尼娅
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| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| temperature | ['tempritʃə(r)] | |||
| worm | [wə:m] | |||
| resistant | [ri'zistənt] | 联想记忆 | ||
| phenomenon | [fi'nɔminən] | 联想记忆 | ||
| altered | ['ɔ:ltəd] | |||
| planet | ['plænit] | |||
| tend | [tend] | |||
| involve | [in'vɔlv] | 联想记忆 | ||
| protein | ['prəuti:n] | |||
| negligible | ['neglidʒəbl] | 联想记忆 |
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