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本节目将带领大家探索谜样的太阳，深入了解太阳对我们过去、现在、未来生活的重要性。也探讨了太阳如何影响地球的重大科学发现，它每秒钟所释放的能量足够人类使用百万年。它仍是我们未来唯一的希望。
n. 公式，配方，规则；代乳品
adj. （赛
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- Today that sounds ridiculous.
- 今日这种说法听来荒唐
- But two hundred years ago it didn't seem so unlikely.
- 但是两百年前还颇言之成理
- It was widely believed that
- 当时一般人认为
- the Earth was only a few thousand years old.
- 地球只有几千年的历史
- But in the mid-nineteenth century a new science
- 但是19世纪中期
- was emerging that was painting
- 一股新的科学势力兴起
- a very different picture of the age of the Earth.
- 并对地球的年龄提出截然不同的见解
- By looking at the deepest layers of rocks geologists
- 地质学家研究深层岩石后
- were discovering that the Earth was much older
- 发现地球年龄远超出
- than anyone had previously imagined.
- 一般人的预期
- If that was true then the sun also had to
- 如果此言属实
- have been burning for much,much longer.
- 那么太阳燃烧的时间也应该久得多
- You can see the strata and the lines in the rock in back of you
- 后方岩石的地层和线条
- that represent hundreds of
- 代表了
- millions of years of geological history.
- 好几亿年的地质历史
- The top of Sacramento Peak up beyond this,
- 我们在更后面的沙加缅度峰上
- we find fossils that are 300 million years old.
- 找到了有三亿年历史的化石
- Below Sacramento Peak you've got more than a kilometre
- 沙加缅度峰下方，有一公里多的地层
- of these strata that are far older than that.
- 年代比三亿年还久远
- From the age of these strata geologists knew
- 地质学家藉由这些地层得知
- that the earth was at least a billion years old.
- 地球的历史至少有十亿年
- At the same time astronomers thought
- 但天文学家却认为
- the sun was only 10, 000 years old.
- 太阳只有一万年的历史
- If the geologists were right then astronomers
- 如果地质学家说得对，那么天文学家
- had to find some other source for the Sun producing its energy.
- 必须另外想办法解释太阳能量的来源
- The search for the source of energy
- 寻找支持了太阳
- that could power the sun for billions of years
- 数十亿年的能量来源
- lasted for nearly a century.
- 持续了将近一个世纪
- Eventually scientists would find the answer in the forces
- 最后科学家终于在凝聚原子的力量
- that hold atoms together and in the nature of matter itself.
- 和物质的本质中找到答案
- But first you have to know what the sun is made of.
- 但首先我们必须先搞清楚太阳的组成
- To find that out you need to take a very close look at sunlight.
- 想要得到答案，必须仔细观察阳光
- When you take the light from the Sun and pass it through a prism,
- 若让阳光穿过棱镜
- spread it out into the colours,
- 让阳光分色排列
- as you look through it you notice that it isn't uniform,
- 你会发现阳光的组成并不一致
- that there are places that are darker.
- 有些地方比较暗
- Each of those dark lines is due to a specific chemical element.
- 这些暗沉的线条都代表着特定的化学元素
- Each element has its own series of lines that are specific to it.
- 每一种元素都拥有一系列专属的线条
- Each chemical element absorbs light at specific frequencies
- 每种化学元素都会吸收特定频率的光线
- removing a strip from the spectrum.
- 进而移除光谱上的特定区块
- As the light passes through the sun,
- 光线穿过太阳时
- all the elements leave their mark.
- 所有的元素都会留下它们的印记
- So when the light arrives at the Earth it contains
- 所以抵达地球的光线
- the complete chemical formula of the sun.
- 包含了太阳的完整化学式
- If we take the spectrum and spread it out to fine details
- 若是把光谱摊开…
- and what we've done here is stacked up
- 我们在这里
- pieces of the spectrum one on top of each other
- 把几块光谱上下堆叠
- you see all of these dark areas.
- 你们可以看到这些暗色区域
- The key to figuring out how much of these elements
- 至于判定元素含量的关键
- are there is the breadth and the depth of the line;
- 则是这些线条的宽度和深度
- how dark is the line and how broad is it.
- 也就是它们的深浅和宽窄
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