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本节目将带领大家探索谜样的太阳，深入了解太阳对我们过去、现在、未来生活的重要性。也探讨了太阳如何影响地球的重大科学发现，它每秒钟所释放的能量足够人类使用百万年。它仍是我们未来唯一的希望。
vi. 融化，熔化，消散
vt. 使融化，使熔
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- It's easy to appreciate the power of the sun
- 在这样炎热的夏日，站在德州湾海边
- on a nice hot summer's day like here on the Texas Gulf Coast.
- 不难体会太阳的威力
- And you can feel the power of the sun on your skin,
- 皮肤能清楚感受到太阳的热力
- sunscreens is on.
- 我擦了防晒乳液
- But man the sun is just you know
- 但太阳实在…
- the actual physics of what's going on inside the sun,
- 太阳内部的物理作用
- the power of the sun,
- 太阳的力量
- the energy that the sun is releasing
- 和释放的威力
- is almost beyond comprehension.
- 几乎超出我们的理解范围
- But it is only almost beyond comprehension.
- 但只是“几乎”超出我们的理解范围
- And you can measure its power output with some simple apparatus.
- 我们可以用简单的装置测量太阳的能量输出
- One of the earliest experiments to try and measure
- 最早尝试测量太阳威力的人之一
- the actual power of the sun was by astronomer William Herschel
- 是19世纪的天文学家
- in the 19th century,
- 威廉赫歇耳
- where he had the brilliant idea of
- 他的想法很高明
- just watching a piece of ice melt
- 就是观察一块冰块融化
- to see how long it would take and therefore
- 记录所需的时间
- from the properties of the ice work out
- 再根据冰块的特质
- how much sunlight was coming to the ground.
- 计算地面的日照量
- As a demonstration of the sun's power
- 用这个实验来展现太阳的力量
- it doesn't look that impressive.
- 看起来似乎没啥了不起
- But Hershel realized that he could use
- 但赫歇耳发现
- the time it takes to melt one bit of ice to
- 他可以用冰块融化所需的时间
- calculate the sun's total power output.
- 计算太阳能量输出的总量
- So here we see the ice is almost completely melted
- 过了29分钟…将近半小时后
- in roughly 29 minutes almost half an hour.
- 冰块几乎完全融化
- But Herschel was able to use this experiment
- 但是赫歇耳得以使用这个实验
- and the time that it took to,
- 和冰块融化所需的时间
- to melt the ice to work out some basic properties of the sun.
- 推算出太阳的某些基本特性
- Here's how Herschel's thinking worked.
- 赫歇耳的立论依据如下：
- In the time it takes to melt a slab of ice on Earth
- 在融化地面冰块所需的时间内
- the sun is radiating heat in all directions
- 太阳朝四面八方释放热力
- enough to melt a complete shell of ice around it
- 足以融化包围太阳的冰层
- a diameter of 300 million kilometres.
- 冰层直径为三亿公里
- A shell half a centimetre thick
- 厚度0.5厘米的冰层
- and 300 million kilometres across contains a lot of ice.
- 直径三亿公里，含有大量的冰
- Enough to make an ice cube bigger than the Earth.
- 足以形成比地球还大的冰块
- To melt that much ice in just 30 minutes
- 要在30分钟内融化这么多冰
- would take an energy input of a billion billion billion watts.
- 所需的能量输出，高达10的27次方瓦特
- It's a rough, but surprisingly accurate experiment
- 这个实验看似粗糙，但却出奇地精准
- modern satellite readings confirm the figures to within a few percent.
- 现代卫星读数证实了，其误差不超过几个百分点
- It's an almost unimaginable amount of energy.
- 此能量大得几近难以想像
- If we could harness the sun's power output
- 要是能够充分利用太阳能
- for a single second it would satisfy the world's energy
- 只要短短一秒就足以满足世界
- demands for the next million years.
- 未来一百万年间的能源需求
- But it's one thing to know how much power the sun is producing.
- 但推算太阳产生的能量多少是一回事
- It's something else to know how it is doing it.
- 厘清其制造过程又是另一回事
- Until the middle of the 20th century no-one had any idea
- 在20世纪中期之前，没有人明白
- what made the sun work.
- 太阳的运作原理
- For scientists in Hershel's time it was a mystery.
- 对赫歇耳时代的科学家而言，这是个不解之谜
- Well one of the issues was of course what powered the sun.
- 议题之一当然是，太阳的动力来源
- And - um - some very clever people actually
- 有些颇有才智的人士甚至觉得
- considered the fact that the sun might be powered by burning coal.
- 太阳的动力可能来自燃煤
- I mean it seems ludicrous but why not coal.
- 这种说法听起来荒谬，但又有何不可呢？
- That was an important source of energy on the earth.
- 毕竟在19世纪的那段时间
- Er in that part of the 19th century
- 煤炭是地球的重要能量来源
- If the sun was made entirely of coal,
- 但若太阳由煤炭组成
- there would be one unfortunate consequence.
- 会产生一个不幸的后果
- It would burn itself out in just a few thousand years.
- 它会在几千年后燃烧殆尽
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| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| melt | [melt] | |||
| slab | [slæb] | 联想记忆 | ||
| rough | [rʌf] | |||
| astronomer | [ə'strɔnəmə] | |||
| shell | [ʃel] | |||
| diameter | [dai'æmitə] | 联想记忆 | ||
| impressive | [im'presiv] | 联想记忆 | ||
| accurate | ['ækjurit] | 联想记忆 | ||
| unfortunate | [ʌn'fɔ:tʃənit] | 联想记忆 | ||
| mystery | ['mistəri] |
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