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BBC百件藏品话沧桑第25件:阿育王石柱(3)

时间:2014-10-31 16:04:14 编辑:mike 可可英语APP下载 | 可可官方微信:ikekenet

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I presume that there must have been somebody to read these words out to the mostly unlettered citizens,
当时大多数百姓都不识字，

and I think they would probably have been received with pleasure and considerable relief, for Ashoka had not always been so concerned for their welfare.
这些内容一定是有人念给他们听的。阿育王的法敕不只令他们感到欢欣,同时也令他们松了一大口气。

He'd started out not as a gentle, generous philosopher but as a ruthless and brutal youth, following in the military footsteps of his grandfather.
阿育王并非一直关心百姓福祉。登基之初，他并非一个温和慷慨的哲学家,而是个莽撞冲动的年轻人,紧随着祖父旃陀罗笈多的军事扩张步伐。

His name was Chandragupta, and he'd risen to the throne following a military campaign that created a huge empire
旅陀罗笈多多年征战,建立了伟大的孔雀王朝，

reaching from Kandahar in modern Afghanistan in the west to Bangladesh in the east, and including the great majority of modern India.
西至现代阿富汗的坎大哈, 东抵孟加拉，囊括了现代印度的绝大部分领土，

It was the largest empire in Indian history.
是印度历史上国土面积最大的王朝。

In 268 BC Ashoka took his place on the throne-but not without considerable struggle.
公元前二六八年,经过激烈的争斗,阿育王夺得了王位。

Buddhist writings tell us that he killed 99 of his brothers-presumably metaphorical as well as actual brothers-in order to obtain the kingship,
据佛教文献记载，阿育王为王位杀了九十九个兄弟,这应该只是一种比喻，但的确有许多兄弟遭到杀害。

and the same writings create a legend of Ashoka's pre-Buddhist days, filled with self-indulgent frivolity and cruelty.
这份文献记载着，在皈依佛教之前,阿育王放纵、轻浮、暴虐。

When he became emperor he set out to complete the occupation of the whole subcontinent, and attacked the independent state of Kalinga-modern-day Orissa on the east coast.
登基后,他继续征战以求占领整个印度次大陆,入侵了当时独立的羯陵伽国—今印度东海岸的奥里萨邦。

It was a savage, brutal assault and one which seems afterwards to have thrown Ashoka into a state of terrible remorse.
这是一场野蛮残暴的战争,让阿育王陷人了深深的懊悔。

He changed his whole way of life, embracing the defining concept of Dharma,
从那以后，他彻底改变了自己的生活方式，开始遵从教法（达摩），

a virtuous path that guides the follower through a life of selflessness and piety, duty, good conduct and decency.
教法要求信徒遵从教规，度过无私、虔诚、尽责、品德高尚与德行端庄的一生。

Dharma is applied in many religions, including Sikhism, Jainism and of course Hinduism
锡克教、耆那教和印度教都有教法，而阿育王遵从的是佛法。

but Ashoka's idea of Dharma was filtered through the Buddhist faith. He described his remorse and announced his conversion to his people through a rock edict:
在一道法敕中，他公开做了忏悔，描述了自己的转变：

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concern for 关心

I could only admire the love and courage of that butterfly in his concern for his mate.
我只能钦佩那只蝴蝶在对他的伴侣的关心中表现出爱和勇气Dz=1V%Zf#v#JGh。

The brother expressed concern for everyone in the family but said nothing about what he himself was feeling.
他的弟弟对家庭中的每个人表示了关心，但他没有说自己的感受LgEDk@98gh^v!TRfc8。

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重点单词		查看全部解释
ruthless	['ru:θlis]	想一想再看 adj. 残忍的，无情的	联想记忆 X 单词ruthless 联想记忆： ru如，th死，less不：如果你死了，我也不怜悯－无情的
legend	['ledʒənd]	想一想再看 n. 传说，传奇	联想记忆 X 单词legend 联想记忆： leg腿，end完：腿完蛋了，是因为没有看图例，所以跑路
considerable	[kən'sidərəbl]	想一想再看 adj. 相当大的，可观的，重要的	联想记忆 X 单词considerable 联想记忆：这次走私的数目considerable，需要好好consider
obtain	[əb'tein]	想一想再看 vt. 获得，得到 vi. 通用，流行，存在
military	['militəri]	想一想再看 adj. 军事的 n. 军队	联想记忆 X 单词military 联想记忆： mili米粒，吃米粒长大的人－军人
butterfly	['bʌtəflai]	想一想再看 n. 蝴蝶，蝶状物，蝶泳 vt. (烹饪时把鱼
independent	[indi'pendənt]	想一想再看 adj. 独立的，自主的，有主见的 n. 独立	联想记忆 X 单词independent 联想记忆： in不+(de加强+pend=hang悬挂+able→可靠的)→独立的
cruelty	['kru:əlti]	想一想再看 n. 残酷，残忍，残酷的行为，虐待	联想记忆 X 单词cruelty 联想记忆： cruel残酷的+ty表名词，用在形容词后，把形容词变成名词→残酷
savage	['sævidʒ]	想一想再看 adj. 野性的，凶猛的，粗鲁的，荒野的 n.	联想记忆 X 单词savage 联想记忆： sa三，van＝wan万，na那：有三万平方公里那么大那－平坦大草原源于：佛罗里达的萨瓦纳平原。
decency	['di:snsi]	想一想再看 n. 得体，礼貌，体面（复数）decenci