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Polluted air can negatively impact children’s test scores
耶鲁大学最新研究：空气污染降低学生学习成绩
A new study led by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health finds air pollution may negatively impact standardized test scores.
耶鲁大学公共卫生学院的研究人员领导的一项新研究发现，空气污染可能会对标准化考试成绩产生负面影响。
The cross-sectional study, employing a two-way fixed-effects model, appears in the open access peer-reviewed medical journal JAMA Network Open.
这项采用双因素固定效应模型的横断面研究，发表在开放获取的同行评审医学期刊《JAMA Network Open》上。
Using data from the North Carolina Education Research Data Center, the researchers tracked 2.8 million public school students in North Carolina from 2001 to 2018 and measured their exposure to PM2.5, also known as fine particulate matter, found in polluted air.
研究人员利用北卡罗来纳州教育研究数据中心的数据，追踪调查了2001年至2018年间北卡罗来纳州280万名公立学校学生，并测量了他们暴露于污染空气中的PM2.5的情况。
While previous research has shown an association with adverse outcomes on academic performance in children, it has relied on relatively small or less representative samples and faced other challenges.
虽然以前的研究表明，空气污染对儿童学业表现有负面影响，但它依赖于相对较小或不太具有代表性的样本和其他挑战。
“The biggest strength of this study is that we [tracked] every student in North Carolina in those years, for the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma Zang, co-author of the study and an assistant professor of sociology, biostatistics, and global affairs at Yale. “Air pollution has been shown to affect a lot of things, but the effect of air pollution on students' academic performance is still relatively new.”
该研究的合著者、耶鲁大学社会学、生物统计学和全球事务助理教授艾玛?臧（音译)说:“这项研究最大的优势在于，我们[追踪]了北卡罗来纳州当年的每一名学生，在他们就读公立学校的整个期间。空气污染已经被证明会影响诸多方面，但空气污染对学生学习成绩的影响仍然是相对较新的。”
The study also found that test scores of ethnic minorities and girls were disproportionately affected by PM2.5 levels. “
研究还发现，少数族裔和女孩的考试成绩受PM2.5水平的影响更为严重。
Females and racial ethnic minorities face structural sexism and structural racism,” Zang said. “There are a lot of policies that are not friendly toward females and ethnic minorities. So, when they're exposed to the same level of air pollution, they don't have the resources to buffer the negative influences.”
“女性和少数族裔群体面临着结构性性别歧视和种族歧视，” 艾玛表示。“有很多政策对女性和少数族裔并不友好。因此，当她们暴露在相同水平的空气污染中时，她们没有资源来缓冲负面影响。”
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