Tiangong Kaiwu,as the representative work of the famous scientist in the Ming Dynasty Song Yingxing, was completed in 1637.It is an ency-clopedia of agricultural and handicraft production technologies, summing up the knowledge of almost all the production areas.The work is divided int0 18 volumes,containing planting, dyeing, grain processing, sugar refining, pottery firing, smel-ting and founding, vehicle and vessel manufacturing, forging, oil pressing, paper-making, minirtg, weaponry, pigment, liquor making , and so on. Song Yingxing tried to give accurate descriptions of the operating techniques and tools with specific data.Tian,gong Kaiwu was o book in which the most abundant collection of saentif-ic and technological records was preserved. It was more oriented towards the handicraft industry, reflecting the productive forces in the late Ming Dynasiy when capitalism began to emerge; it also indicated that the scientific technologies of ourcountry at the time lagged behind Europe. The contemporary saentist Galileo dis-covered many important laws through the combination of the experiments and mathematics while China still stayed in the period of collecting and collating materi-als. Up to now, this work has already been published in 16 different versions in the world and printed for 38 times. It sold venlt well for a long time in some places,which was rarely seen in the ancient scientific works.