When you hear the words "medical condition," it's likely that you automatically think it's bad news. If you are a hypochondriac, the very thought of those terrifying words makes you cringe. Although all medical conditions have some or many disadvantages, a few medical conditions actually grant some rather extreme abilities. We may find these abilities pretty extraordinary. However, the bad often outweighs the good when it comes to them.
你在听到"病况"一词时，很有可能会下意识地想到有坏事发生了。你如果是个忧郁症患者，可能会谈"病"色变。虽然各种医学病症或多或少会给人带来不便，但是有些病却可以让人们拥有非常强大的能力，让你与众不同。然而，人们真的拥有这种能力后，却会发现，它带来的痛苦大于快乐。
10.听觉过度灵敏
Just imagine one of your so called "friends" is talking about you behind your back. You get frustrated at the sound of muttered whispers that you can't seem to understand. Instead of asking them about what they said, you'd rather hear it for yourself, and you might even wish you had some sort of super hearing ability. Well, that sort of ability is exactly what Stephen Mabbutt once acquired.
想象这样一个场景：一个你所谓的"朋友"正在背后议论你。他们在窃窃私语，而你却听不清他们在议论什么。你肯定很失望，还不能问他们到底在说什么。只能自己竖着耳朵去听，这时，你可能会想，我如果拥有敏锐听觉的超能力就好了。而斯蒂芬·马布特曾经有过这样的能力。
Although you may instantly feel jealous, you really shouldn't be. Stephen didn't like his condition. Besides having the ability to hear a whispered conversation, Stephen's acute hearing was so superb he could literally hear his eyeballs roll back and forth. Not only could he hear his eyeballs, Stephen could hear other various noises his body made throughout the day.So, what medical condition causes this? A rare condition called hyperacusis. Although hyperacusis is a condition of its own, it is often caused by a syndrome or disease. Stephen had a syndrome called superior canal dehiscence. The syndrome is caused by missing bone over the top of the semicircular canal, which is an internal part of the ear. Symptoms include dizziness, vertigo, headaches, and (of course) hyperacusis.Stephen became so aggravated with his condition that he sought out treatment and had surgery to repair his ear. He is now cured and hears just like us average human beings.
你可能马上心生嫉妒，但是你真的没必要这样。斯蒂芬并不喜欢自己过度灵敏的听觉。他的听觉异常灵敏，除了可以听清别人窃窃私语，还能清楚地听到自己眼球来回转动的声音，还可以听到身体发出的其他声音。那么，是什么疾病让他落得如此下场呢？这是一种罕见的病症，叫做听觉过敏症。虽然听觉过敏的发病有其先决条件，但它又常常由一种综合症或疾病所引发。斯蒂芬曾患有上半规管裂综合症，此综合症是由半规管顶部骨块断裂丢失所致。而半规管正好就是耳朵内部构造的一部分。此综合症症状包括头晕、目眩、头痛，当然还有听觉过度灵敏。后来斯蒂芬听觉过度灵敏的症状严重恶化。他四处寻医，找到了治疗方法，并做了耳部修复手术。现在，他已经痊愈，听力水平和正常人无异。
9.The Ability To Never Gain Weight
9.不管怎么吃都不会变胖
What exactly would you do if you had the ability to never gain weight? With this sort of ability, you'd probably never have to pull yourself up to go to a hot and sweaty gym or do some vigorous home exercise. Seems a bit like a dream, doesn't it?
你的体重如果永远都不会增加，那么你会做些什么？有了这样的能力，你大概再也不会强迫自己去健身房或在家里运动了。这听上去似乎是个美梦，但事实没那么简单。
Well, this particular ability isn't exactly fictional. A young woman by the name of Lizzie Velasquez suffers from it. Although we all have desires to eat certain delicious foods, Lizzie has to eat every 15 minutes whether she is full or not. This is because she was born without adipose tissue and is constantly losing weight.The condition of losing body fat rapidly and improperly distributing it is called lipodystrophy. It is caused by a variety of syndromes and diseases, but only a few of them can cause a severe case of it. Lizzie's lipodystrophy is caused by Wiedemann Rautenstrauch syndrome, which is also known as neonatal progeroid syndrome. The syndrome not only causes severe weight loss and complete lack of adipose tissue, but it also causes growth delays and premature aging.There isn't a cure for Wiedemann Rautenstrauch syndrome. However, Lizzie has learned to deal with and manage her condition. She also plans on being the best motivational speaker that she can be.
这种特殊的能力确实存在，却让一位名叫莉齐·维拉斯奎斯的年轻女士深受其害。我们虽然都渴望美食，但莉齐不管是饱还是饿，不得不每15分钟就进食一次。因为她生来就没有脂肪组织，体重时刻减少。这种身体脂肪组织快速损耗且损耗不均的症状叫脂肪代谢障碍，它由各种各样的综合症和疾病引发，但是只有一小部分会导致严重的脂肪代谢障碍。莉齐的病症由魏德曼施特劳赫综合征引发，也就是大家所知晓的新生儿型类早衰症。这种综合症不仅会导致体重严重减少，脂肪组织完全缺失，还会造成发育延迟和过早衰老。至今还未找到该病的治愈疗法，但是，莉齐已经学会了如何控制病情。同时，她也打算尽她所能，成为一名最优秀的励志演说家。
8.天生神力
Do you consider yourself a bodybuilder because of your impressive strength and muscle? If not, chances are that you know someone who does. You probably wonder exactly how long it takes for someone to gain such strength. Did you know some people are actually born with immense strength?
你想做一个力大无比，肌肉发达的健美运动员吗？也许你从未考虑过，不过你可以在接下来的内容中了解一下那些有这种想法的人。你知道健美运动员要练得如此有力，需要花多长时间才可以吗？实际上，有些人无需苦练，却天生拥有神力。
At less than six months of age, a boy by the name of Liam Hoekstra already had the strength to exercise. It wasn't like he was pushed or pressured to do it (after all, he was just a baby). He did it naturally. If his mother held him up, Liam would begin to do the "Iron Cross," which is a move professionally done by highly trained gymnasts.After being shocked by what they saw, Liam's parents knew that something was very different about their child. Like any concerned pair of parents, they got him checked out by the doctor. As it turns out, Liam has a very rare condition that grants him super strength and fast muscle growth.It's called myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy. It's caused by a low amount of myostatin which is a type of protein. The specific protein is supposed to make the body resistant to gaining an extreme amount of muscle. Having high levels of myostatin causes low muscle gain, and low levels of myostatin leads to high levels of muscle gain. Liam's myostatin levels are considered very low due to the condition, resulting in massive muscle growth on his young body.Many would probably assume that people with the condition may have some serious health concerns. However, the condition itself doesn't seem to cause any serious medical problems. Overall, people with the condition have the same life span and mentality as healthy people without the condition.
一个叫利亚姆·霍克斯特拉的男婴在未满6个月的时候就已经会做增力运动了。但他这样做并没有人强迫，而是婴儿的天性使然。每当他妈妈把他举起来，他就会开始做体操中一种高难度的吊环动作——"水平十字"，只有训练有素的专业运动员才能做到。孩子都是父母的掌上明珠。自己的儿子如此天赋异禀，利亚姆的父母对此感到震惊之余，更担忧的是孩子的健康状况，于是他们带利亚姆到医院做了检查。结果显示，在利亚姆身上出现了一种非常罕见的状况，致使他天生神力和拥有非常发达的肌肉。这种状况往往是由抑制肌肉过度肥大的蛋白质缺失而引起的。这是肌肉生长抑制素基因的变异导致的肌肉肥大。人体内肌肉生长抑制素含量过高就会导致肌肉萎缩，反之则会导致肌肉肥大。利亚姆的状况表明，他体内肌肉生长抑制素含量较低，所以才会长出与他年龄不符，过度发达的肌肉。身体存在这种状况的人都会有严重的健康隐患吗？实则不然，这种状况本身并不会引发严重的疾病。总的说来，身体存在这种状况的人，寿命和心智与其他人并无两样。
7.弹力过度性皮肤
If one of your favorite superheroes is Mr. Fantastic of the Fantastic Four, you're probably already jittering with anticipation for this next outrageous ability. While it isn't exactly a superhero quality, it is a very unique ability. Instead of having tight and ashy skin, some people have velvety skin that stretches to an extreme length. It's one of the symptoms of a rare genetic condition called Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. It's caused by poor production of collagen, which is the stuff that holds the body's skin together.
你最喜欢的英雄中如果有《神奇四侠》里的神奇先生，那接下来要提到的这种神奇症状应该正合你的口味。不过这并不是一种超能力，而是一种非常罕见的疾病。患有这种疾病的人，皮肤并不像常人一般紧致，而是松弛且延展过度，犹如天鹅绒般触感柔软。这是一种罕见的遗传病，名为"埃莱尔-当洛综合征"。其病因是由于人体内缔结组织的主要蛋白质之一的胶原蛋白缺失而引发的。
Although it seems like something "cool" to have, sufferers of the syndrome have a large variety of grueling symptoms. Constant joint pain, fragile blood vessels, and skin tearing are just a few. A very common complication is the skin's inability to hold stitches if the sufferer happens to need them. Unfortunately, there isn't a cure for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. However, those with it manage the condition by taking pain medication, controlling their blood pressure, attending physical therapy, and knowing their skin's limits.
虽然"皮肤超有弹性、能随意延展"听起来很有趣，然而此病患者却要遭受很多折磨。因皮肤过度伸展，患者会常年遭受诸如关节疼痛、血管易破裂、小伤口十天半个月都无法愈合的折磨。伴随这种病症最常见的麻烦是，不能在患者的皮肤上缝针。令人遗憾的是，目前针对这种病症没有根治方法。患者只能通过服用止痛药、控制血压、接受理疗、时刻关注自己皮肤状况的方法来缓解病情。
6.Extreme Photographic Memory
6.超强的记忆力
We all know one person who brags about their "photographic memory," which is also known as eidetic memory. Although their memory might be rather impressive, is their memory superb enough to draw an entire city after viewing it for just a few minutes?
我们都知道，记忆力好其实就是指拥有异常清晰的记忆能力。这些人的记忆能力或许的确超于常人，但是否能达到在鸟瞰一座城市几分钟之后，就将整个城市画出来这般强悍呢？
A man by the name of Stephen Wiltshire truly has some extreme eidetic memory. After taking a 20-minute helicopter ride over New York City, Stephen began to work on his masterpiece—a panoramic, 20-foot wide drawing of the entire city. It only took him less than a week to fully complete. New York City isn't the only thing Stephen has drawn. He also drew various parts of Rome and Hong Kong solely from memory.So, what condition causes this sort of massive eidetic memory? A very rare condition called savant syndrome. Although it's usually caused by autism, it could also be caused by various mental illnesses or some form of brain damage. Unfortunately, the sufferer often has a very low IQ and other mental disabilities. However, in return, the sufferer gains an extremely unique form of talent usually involving artistic or musical potential.
斯蒂芬·威尔特的确有这样的超能力。他在直升机上鸟瞰纽约城20分钟之后，便开始了他的杰作——一副20英尺宽的纽约全景图。他在不到一个星期的时间内就完成了这幅作品。纽约全景图并不是他唯一的作品，他还根据自己的记忆，画了罗马和香港的很多地区。那么，是什么原因让他拥有异常清晰的记忆力呢？有一种很罕见的症状叫做"学者综合症"，这多数是由自闭症导致的，也可能因大脑受损或是其他大脑疾病引发。不幸的是，患者的智商通常很低并患有智力障碍。但在某些方面，反而是个优势，例如在艺术或音乐上，他们却拥有超乎常人的能力。
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