For the Travel section’s Oct. 19 issue on Europe, writers and editors selected special items to profile from a dozen cities. Below, explore everything from chocolate in Brussels to silk in Florence to design in Copenhagen.
在欧洲版10月19日旅游板块，作者与编辑精选了十二个城市的独特珍宝，下面，我们从布鲁塞尔的巧克力、佛罗伦萨的丝绸到哥本哈根的设计，逐一欣赏吧。
Madrid: Guitars
马德里的吉他
Crossing the threshold of one of Madrid’s storied guitar makers’ workshops can feel like stepping into the past. Curly wood shavings, from the palest pine to ebony, cascade to the floor as artisans hone a few humble planks into acoustic works of art. It’s painstaking work — all done by hand — with classical guitar models and the methods of making them changing little over the last century. The monthly production of even the most seasoned craftsmen typically maxes out at two instruments per month.
迈过马德里一座多层吉他作坊的门槛，就像踏进了古代。卷曲的刨花翻滚着落在地板上，有色泽最淡的松树，也有深色的黑檀。吉他工匠将几片平凡的木板打磨成了乐器艺术品。这是一件非常复杂的工作，依照古典吉他模型和制造工艺，完全由手工打造而成，在过去的一个世纪中几乎不曾改变。最老练的工匠，每月通常也只能造出两只吉他。
The finished products will someday go out the door, gleaming with varnish and polished metal fittings, to seduce audiences from stages around the globe. But here in Madrid, the tiny workrooms and the simple tools — as well as the last names of the artisans employing them — have often not changed in generations.
造出来的吉他总有一天会走出房门，带着清漆和金属配件的闪光，在舞台上吸引全世界观众的关注。但在马德里的这个地方，狭小的作坊、简单的工具和工匠的姓氏，若干世代以来几乎不曾改变。
My first encounter with luthiers, or guitarreros (guitar makers), took place deep in the heart of Madrid’s historic center, where I went looking for one workshop and found several.
我第一次见到吉他工匠是在马德里的历史中心。我去那里寻找吉他手工作坊，果然找到了。
The door is usually open at Mariano Conde’s shop (Calle Amnistía 1; marianoconde.com), a tiny two-level workshop near the Teatro Realm where Mr. Conde, his son — also named Mariano — and two other craftsmen move between molds, saws, planes and files. Prices are 2,800 euros ($3,500) for a standard flamenco guitar to 18,000 euros ($23,000) for his finest classical concert guitar.
马里亚诺·孔德(Mariano Conde)的吉他铺(Calle Amnistía 1; marianoconde.com)是一座两层的手工小作坊，位于皇家剧院附近。孔德先生和他的儿子（名字也叫马里亚诺）带着两名手工艺人在模具、锯子、模板与锉刀之间辛勤劳作。一只标准的弗拉门科吉他售价2800欧元（合3500美元），最精美的古典音乐会吉他售价18000欧元（合23000美元）。
Mr. Conde is a third-generation guitar maker from the fabled (and now defunct) house of Hermanos Conde, and his brother Felipe also continues the family legacy at his own shop nearby (Calle Arrieta 4; felipeconde.es). A 10-minute walk away, on the other side of Plaza Mayor, is another cluster of luthiers, including José Ramírez (Calle de la Paz 8; guitarrasramirez.com), Pedro de Miguel (Calle Amor de Dios 13; guitarraspedrodemiguel.com) and Juan Álvarez (Calle San Pedro 7; guitarrasjuanalvarez.com).
孔德先生是第三代吉他工匠，过去，他的祖上在传说中艾尔玛诺·孔德(Hermanos Conde)的住宅里制造吉他，尽管那座房子现在已经堙没了。而今，他的哥哥菲利浦也传承了这份家族产业，在附近开了家店铺(Calle Arrieta 4; felipeconde.es)。十分钟步程之外，市长广场的对面是另一片吉他作坊聚集地，包括何塞·拉米雷斯(José Ramírez，Calle de la Paz 8; guitarrasramirez.com)、佩德罗·德·米格尔(Pedro de Miguel；Calle Amor de Dios 13; guitarraspedrodemiguel.com)和胡安·阿尔瓦雷斯(Juan Álvarez; Calle San Pedro 7; guitarrasjuanalvarez.com)的店铺。
A guitar’s colorful mix of woods is less an aesthetic choice than a science. Each element of the instrument’s anatomy has specific physical and acoustic demands, and its maker knows which woods can accomplish each function. It’s fascinating to consider that the materials for today’s instruments may have been purchased by the artisans’ fathers 30 or 40 years ago, just as the German spruce and Canadian cedar today’s guitarreros acquire will sit drying for decades until it’s suitable to be turned into guitars by their children or grandchildren. ANDREW FERREN
吉他是多姿多彩的木制工艺品。它不仅是审美，更多是科学的选择。每一把乐器中的每个因素都有特殊的物理与声学要求，工匠懂得哪种木板能够完美呈现相应的功能。想到今天这些制琴材料有可能是这些工匠的父辈们三四十年前采购而来，如今的吉他工匠购买的德国云杉和加拿大雪松也将堆积在库房中等待子孙们数十年后才启用，真让人会心一笑。安德鲁·菲林(ANDREW FERREN)供稿。
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