评论
打印
Culture
文艺版块
After the fire
浴火重生
The comeback of Notre Dame
巴黎圣母院的回归
The rebuilding of France's best-known cathedral has prompted a debate about how to balance modernity and tradition.
重修法国最著名的大教堂引发了如何平衡现代和传统的辩论。
On an icy January morning, perched at a dizzying height of nearly 100 metres above the ground, specialist roofers are covering the rebuilt oak spire of Notre Dame cathedral with layers of lead sheeting.
今年一月的一个寒冷早晨，在距离地面100米的令人目眩的高处，专业修盖屋顶的工人正在往重新修建的巴黎圣母院橡木尖塔上铺上一层层的铅板。
Working on platforms reached by a perilous flight of narrow steps that cling to the soaring spire, they are putting the final touches on a 1,000-piece, solid-oak structure that will soon restore the cathedral’s familiar silhouette.
工人所在的平台只能通过一段紧挨着高耸尖塔的、又险又窄的台阶到达，他们正在对这座由一千多块木板建成的坚固橡木结构进行最后的修饰，这个尖塔很快就会让大教堂恢复它那为人所熟悉的轮廓。
Designed in 1859 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, an architect, and felled by the devastating fire of 2019, the new fleche remains hidden behind dense scaffolding.
这座尖塔于1859年由建筑师欧仁·维奥莱-勒-杜克设计，又于2019年的毁灭性大火中被焚毁，现在它仍然隐藏在密密麻麻的脚手架后面。
But five years after the world watched aghast as the gothic cathedral roof was devoured by flames, the project to rebuild Notre Dame is, astonishingly, on schedule.
但在世界人民惊骇地目睹这座哥特式大教堂的屋顶被大火吞噬五年后，重建巴黎圣母院的项目在令人惊讶地如期进行。
The cathedral doors are due to reopen in December.
大教堂的大门将于12月重新开放。
(Visitors for the Olympics, which Paris will host starting in late July, must wait to glimpse inside.)
（巴黎将于7月下旬举办奥运会，因此观看奥运会的游客们必须等待一段时间才能看到教堂内部。）
The rebuilding of Notre Dame is one of the most complex and ambitious reconstruction projects that France has ever undertaken on a historic monument.
重建巴黎圣母院是法国最为复杂和宏大的历史古迹重建项目。
Fire engulfed the entire wooden latticework that made up the medieval roof, before melting its lead casing and toppling the spire.
大火吞噬了组成中世纪屋顶的所有木格结构，然后熔化了铅壳，摧毁了尖塔。
The cathedral’s nave, choir and transepts were mostly untouched by flames, thanks to the craftsmanship of the 12th- and 13th-century stonemasons.
多亏了12世纪和13世纪的石匠工艺，大教堂的正厅、唱经楼和两侧耳堂基本上没有受到焚烧。
So were the 8,000-tube great organ and stained-glass windows.
那架有8000管的大型管风琴和彩色玻璃窗也逃过了一劫。
However, molten lead and charred oak beams crashed through the roof, spreading embers and lead particles.
然而，熔化的铅板和烧焦的橡木横梁从屋顶塌下来，撒下了许多灰烬和铅屑。
Religious artefacts, paintings and sculptures had to be rescued and cleaned; the organ and 39 stained-glass windows were dismantled and washed.
宗教文物、绘画和雕塑不得不进行抢救和清理，管风琴和39扇彩色玻璃窗也被拆除并清洗。
It took two years to stabilise the cathedral’s stone structure.
大教堂的石头结构花了两年时间才稳定下来。
When a grave-looking President Emmanuel Macron stood outside Notre Dame on the night of the fire, he described it as “the epicentre of our lives”.
当脸色凝重的总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙在火灾当晚站在巴黎圣母院外时，他称他所在的地点是“我们生活的震中”。
The cathedral would be rebuilt, he vowed, within five years.
他发誓要在五年内重建大教堂。
That promise may have sounded “a bit mad”, concedes Philippe Jost, who runs the public body in charge of the reconstruction project.
国家重建项目机构的负责人菲利普·约斯特承认，这个承诺听起来“有点疯狂”。
But, he adds, it gave everyone a clear objective.
但是，他补充说，这给了每个人一个明确的目标。
That the project is on track is also partly due to the commanding style of General Jean-Louis Georgelin, who ran it like a military operation until his death last August.
该项目处于正轨也部分归功于让-路易·乔治林将军的指挥风格，他像指挥军事行动一样管理着该项目直至去年八月逝世。
A light management team, freed from bureaucratic excess has helped, too.
精简的、摆脱了官僚主义束缚的管理团队也起到了作用。
Gifts from rich French industrialists—the Arnault, Bettencourt and Pinault families—as well as 340,000 smaller individual donations from around the world amounted to 846m euros ($921m).
法国实业家富豪（阿尔诺、贝当古和皮诺家族）的捐赠，以及来自世界各地的34万份小额个人捐赠，总计8.46亿欧元（9.21亿美元）。
Unlike the usual French grands projets, this one is costing the public purse almost nothing.
与通常的法国大型项目不同，圣母院的重建几乎没有花费多少公共资金。
Today the cramped site on the Lle de la Cite, an island in the River Seine, is a veritable construction village, complete with a canteen, shower block, offices and sculpture-restoration workshop.
如今，塞纳河西岱岛上的一片狭窄区域成了一个名副其实的施工队村庄，设有食堂、淋浴区、办公室和雕塑修复车间。
Last summer the first eight triangular oak trusses, crafted for the new transept roof, arrived by river.
去年夏天，第一批八个三角形橡木桁架（为新的耳堂屋顶而制作）通过河流运达圣母院。
Passers-by watched in awe as, one by one, each seven-tonne truss was hoisted by crane from a barge and lowered into place.
路人们惊叹地看着起重机从驳船上一个接一个地吊起重达7吨的桁架，并将其放回原位。
The craftsmen working on the project are specialist artisans, drawn from dozens of small firms from around France.
参与重建的工匠是从法国各地数十家小公司招来的专业匠人。
Rather than contract the rebuilding to one company, over 140 separate tenders were put out, in order to support traditional craftsmanship.
为了支持传统工艺，项目方没有将重建工作承包给单独一家公司，而是进行了140项不同的招标。
The demands were unusually high: a decision was taken to restore the cathedral to its former splendour while remaining faithful both to its original designs and the construction techniques of the time.
招标要求异常高：项目方决定要恢复大教堂昔日的风采，同时要忠于教堂的原始设计和当时的建筑技术。
