英语原文:
Many people sleep late at weekends.
错误译文:
周末许多人睡得很晚。
翻译加油站:
此译文错在没弄懂sleep的真正含义。英语动词有短暂动词和持续动词之分,分别表示短暂动作和持续动作(或状态)。
Sleep是典型的持续动词,表示“在睡觉”。而汉语“睡(觉)”既可表示短暂动作“上床睡觉”(如:我昨天11点才睡),也可表示“在睡觉”的持续动作(如:他睡了整10个小时)。
所以原句是说“许多人睡觉一直睡到很晚”,应译为:周末许多人睡懒觉。
如果是晚上睡得很晚,
英文应说:
Many people go to bed very late at weekends.
或
Many people don't go to bed until very late at weekends.
汉译英时也要注意区分英语的短暂动词和持续动词。英语有一条规则:短暂动词的完成形式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。下面两句的英语译文都是错误的:
1:这件衣服我穿了3天了。I have put on this jacket for three days.
2:老人去世一年了。The old man has died for a year.
Put on和die都是短暂动词,两句的谓语动词应该分别改为have worn和has been dead。例2也改成The old man died a year ago(此译强调“死”的动作)或It's been a year since the old man died(此译强调已过去的时间)。