Remarks at Caijing Annual Conference

在《财经》年会2014上的致辞

Gary F. Locke, United States Ambassador to China

美国驻华大使骆家辉

November 18, 2013

2013年11月18日

Thank you very much for the introduction. I’m really honored to be here this afternoon for the annual Caijing Conference, and for this opportunity to begin a panel discussion that’s going to focus on the U.S.-China relationship which is one of the most important bilateral relationships in the world today.

非常感谢芮成钢刚才的介绍，我很荣幸能够到这里来参加一年一度的财经会议，有机会开始讨论美中关系，这是当前世界上最重要的双边关系之一。

Let me just first say that I hope you all enjoyed listening to former U.S. President Bill Clinton, because I always enjoy listening to him whenever he speaks. President Clinton has certainly contributed to the U.S.-China relationship and to China’s economic progress.

首先，刚才大家听了比尔·克林顿总统的演讲，他的确对美国关系，以及中国经济的进步作出了贡献。

As he indicated, he has been an ardent supporter of opening trade with China. In the year 2000 before he left office he signed into law the U.S.-China Relations Act which granted China Permanent Normal Trade Relation status which really paved the way for China’s accession to the WTO the following year.

像他刚刚所说，他一直热心支持美国跟中国的关系，在2011年美中关系的签署使它得到正常的贸易关系，这个为中国加入世贸组织铺平了道路。

China’s amazing transformation over the past 34 years was greatly accelerated upon joining the WTO. And China’s amazing transformation stands in stark contrast to President Nixon’s first visit to China 40 years ago.

2011年他就加入了，而中国这34年以来惊人的转变在中国加入世贸之后大大的加快了中国这个惊人的转型和尼克松总统40年前访问中国有鲜明的对比。

Forty years ago the inter-dependence that characterizes our two economies today would be unimaginable.

In 1972 when President Nixon first made his trip to China our bilateral trade was less than $100 million a year. Investment in each other’s markets was close to zero. Only a handful of American jobs depended on trade with China.Now today, roughly $1.5 billion of goods and services flow between our two countries every single day. America’s largest export market outside of North America is China. And China has actually become our number one foreign destination for U.S. agricultural products.

As many as 800,000 American jobs depend on producing goods and services sold to China, and between 2009 and 2012 under President Obama’s administration U.S. exports of goods and services to China grew by over 65 percent.Of course millions upon millions of Chinese jobs are anchored by trade with the United States, which is now China’s largest export market. In fact the exports from China to the United States exceed exports to all of the EU countries combined.

40年前，当时两国经济互相依存的成都是不可想象的。1972年尼克松总统第一次访问中国的时候，那时候美国的双边贸易还不到一亿美元，对对方的投资接近于零，只有非常少数的美国就业机会依赖于中国的贸易。现在大约有16亿美元的服务，每天来往于我们两国之间，美国除北美之外最大的贸易市场就是中国，而且中国已经成为美国农产品首要的国外的目的地，有80万美国就业机会依赖生产一些销往中国的产品和服务，而2009到2012年我们对中国出口的货物增长率达到65%，还有上百万的中国的就业机会依赖于同美国的贸易，美国已经成为中国最大的出口市场，其实中国对美国的出口总额超过它对所有欧盟国家的总和。

So people in both of our countries are benefiting from this deep and interdependent economic integration. Given China’s astounding economic growth there’s also been a lot of discussion in the region about the U.S. rebalance or pivot to Asia as we heard from Chairman Wang in his questions to President Clinton. Many in China believe that the goal of this rebalance or pivot is to contain China, to limit China’s rise politically and economically. This is simply not the case. The United States has been a leader in this region for almost two centuries. Our presence in the Asia Pacific has actually helped maintain stability, has actually helped foster economic growth of all the countries in the region, and has helped generate greater prosperity for more of its people. The Asia Pacific is home to more than four billion people, three of the world’s four largest economies, and some of the most vital ecosystems, and taken together the Asia Pacific region accounts for almost 60 percent of the world’s GDP. So this region is critical to addressing virtually every international challenge that we face today. So it’s no wonder that President Obama from the very beginning of his administration identified engagement with the Asia Pacific as one of the hallmarks of his foreign policy, and he set out to substantially increase our investments -- diplomatic, economic, strategic -- in this part of the world.

所以，在我们两个国家的人民，他们从这种非常深的互相依存的经济一体化得到了很多的实惠。那么，由于中国惊人的经济增长，很多人就在这个地区一直在讨论，美国再平衡，或者向亚洲的转向，就像王先生问克林顿总统两次。很多在中国的人他们认为再平衡和转向的目的构造为了限制中国，限制他们在政治方面和经济方面的崛起。实际情况绝对不是这样，美国在这个地区已经有将近两个世纪一直是处于领导地位，我们在亚太地区的存在有助于维护稳定，促进所有地区和国家的经济增长，有助于给更多人民带来更大的繁荣。亚太地区有40亿人民的人口住在那里，世界最大的四个经济体当中，三个也是亚太地区，而且有一些最关键的生态体系，加起来亚太地区占全球GDP的将近60%。所以，这个地区对应对我们当前面临的每一个国际上的挑战都是至关重要的，所以不奇怪。奥巴马总统从他执政一开始，他把同亚洲地区的交往作为主要的策略之一，而且实际性的增加了我们的投资，包括外交、经济和战略方面在这个地区的投资。

And to that end we are reenergizing our relationships throughout the Asia Pacific region including with China. Indeed since taking office President Obama has met with President Hu Jintao 12 times and has already met with President Xi Jinping twice since President Xi became President this last spring. Vice President Biden has been to China and actually will again visit in early December. We’ve had numerous cabinet members including the Secretaries of Defense, State, Treasury, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the National Security Advisor here in China. This increased engagement includes an increase in bilateral military engagements. Just last week a PLA team participated in a joint humanitarian assistance/disaster relief exercise with the United States Army. Next year China has been invited to participate with the U.S. naval forces in the first ever Rim of the Pacific naval exercises. So far from trying to constrain China, the United States welcomes a strong and prosperous China that plays a key role in world affairs and works with us to uphold the international rules-based order and to ensure peace and stability throughout the world. Through this rebalance we seek to promote a stable security environment, to establish a regional economic order that is free and fair, open to everyone, and transparent. And we seek to protect the universal rights and freedoms of all the peoples in the region. This vision for America’s engagement with Asia rests on strengthening our longstanding alliances and on forming new partnerships with emerging powers. An important part of this U.S. approach is increasingly building a stable and constructive relationship with China. This relationship will benefit the entire region and indeed the world.

为了这个目标我们正在使整个地区的各种关系，包括中国的关系注入新的活力。的确从执政以来，奥巴马总统已经和胡锦涛主席进行12之次会晤，而习主席党主席以来，奥巴马和他进行了两次会晤，12月初拜登副总统还要再来进行访问，包括国务部、财务部、证监会主席还有国家安全顾问他们都来过中国。增加的交往也包括在双边军事交往方面，上个礼拜有一个解放军的团队和美国陆军参加了一个共同的人道主义救援的演习，每年我们邀请中国和美国海军参加第一次环太平洋的军演，所以不是限制中国，美国和我们共同合作来维护以规则为基础的国际秩序，来维护全球和平和稳定这样的一个中国。通过这个再平衡，我们希望促进一个稳定的安全环境，建立一个区域的经济秩序，一个公平的、开放的、透明的制度，而且我们寻求保护地区所有人民的普世权利和自由。美国同亚洲打交道的基础就是加强我们长期以来保持的同盟关系，同时和新兴强国建立一些新的伙伴关系。我们这个政策很重要的一部分越来越多的就是要努力同中国建立一个稳定的建设性的关系，这个关系会给整个地区，乃至全世界都带来好处。

Today the U.S.-China relationship has emerged as one of the most important bilateral relationships in the world, and so our two countries are attempting to develop a new model of relations whereby we are both committed to avoiding the historic trap of strategic rivalry between an emerging power and an existing power. Instead, we’re finding ways to expand the quality and the quantity of our practical cooperation and build trust while constructively managing our differences. This is not a zero sum game where a win for China means a loss for the United States or vice versa. In fact it’s the opposite. The success of the United States is inextricably linked with the success of China. President Obama has stated many times, both publicly and privately, that a strong, prosperous and peaceful China is fundamentally in the interest of the United States of America. At all the various high level meetings that I’ve participated in between our leaders, our cabinet members and our ministers, as well as the 90 established dialogues between our two countries--they’re all designed with a clear goal in mind -- to identify opportunities for cooperation where our interests align, and to manage differences where they do not.

The question, however, is whether the new model of relations can offer real results and real benefits to both of our peoples and for the international community. Merely declaring a new model of relations is not enough. To say the words is an important first step, but the substance of the actions taken and the real results that are achieved will be the true measure of this new model. We need the new model of relations to demonstrate real results when confronting the international challenges that threaten the prosperity and the security of our two countries and indeed the whole world. One area that needs our cooperation is sustainable energy. The United States and China are the world’s two biggest economies, the world’s two biggest consumers of energy, and the world’s two biggest carbon emitters. To solve our energy security problems and to help combat climate change, we simply must work together as partners. Neither China nor the United States can solve the challenges of climate change alone. If China does something dramatic and the United States does not follow suit, all of those efforts will be in vain. And if the United States is able to dramatically reduce its carbon emissions and come up with new technologies to help countries become energy efficient and to reduce carbon emissions, and if China does nothing, then all of those efforts will be for naught.

当前，美中关系已经成为世界中最重要的双边关系之一，我们两个国家正在努力建立一种关系的新的模式，我们双方都避免一个新兴强国和历史强国之间的抗争的这个历史性的陷井。相反，我们正在努力来扩大我们务实合作的数量和增加它的质量，建立信任，建设性的管控我们的分歧，这不是一个游戏，不是美国赢，中国输的，正好是相反的，美国的成功同中国的成功是不可分的，奥巴马总统多次公开的和私下的表示过一个强的、繁荣的、和平的中国是符合美利坚合众国的根本利益。而且我刚才提到了很多高层的会议，在我们领导人之间，内阁成员之间，部长之间，还有我们90多个对话机制都有一些目标，就是要找到一些合作的机制，在利益一致的时候，在不一致的时候要处理好这些分歧。问题就是这个关系的新模式能不能给两国人民带来一些真正的实惠，一些具体的成果，光是宣布有一个新模式这是不够的，说到这些是很重要的一步。但是，采取的行动的实质内容和取得的真正的成果将是衡量这个新模式的真正的标准地我们希望这个新的模式来展示一些新的成果，在我们面临国际安全和和平挑战的时候，这就需要我们合作，领域之一就是可持续能源，美国和中国是世界上最大的两个经济体，能源的最大消耗方和最大的碳排放方要解决能源安全问题，应对气候变化的话，我们必须要作为伙伴共同协作。光是中国或者美国要单独行动，这不可能解决气候变化所带来的各种挑战。进而，中国作为一个非常重要的世界性的国家，而美国不是合作，所有这些都是白费的。如果美国能够大幅度的减少它的碳排放，找到一些新的技术，使得一些国家取得能源独立的话，减少碳排放的话，要是中国什么都不做，所有这些努力也都是浪费的。

It’s no exaggeration to say that the entire world is looking to China and the United States for leadership on clean energy and climate change. Furthermore, we believe that strengthening cooperation to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons should be a focus of our new model relations. Our shared interest in denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula in a peaceful manner should spur greater cooperation. Similarly, the United States and China share the goal of preventing Iran from developing a nuclear weapon. We appreciate the very close cooperation between our two countries as permanent members of the UN Security Council, and we hope that a breakthrough agreement with Iran can soon be achieved. China’s leaders are continuing to modernize their society and attempting to restructure their economy; to rebalance from a model based on unsustainable infrastructure investment and low cost exports built on low wage manufacturing, to a model driven more by domestic consumption and higher wage innovation. At every level with our engagement with China we’re making the case that China’s own economic goals are best served by adopting international norms regarding rule of law, protection of intellectual property rights, free enterprise, open markets, and fair competition. China needs to relax restrictions on foreign investment and business activity within its borders, especially in the financial services sector; remove special privileges enjoyed by state-owned enterprises so that they have to compete on a level playing field with foreign and domestic firms; and increase policy support for small and medium-sized enterprises which often pioneer the new ideas. A society built on the rule of law that applies to all is good for social stability, economic development, and is essential for innovation. Strong and well-enforced intellectual property rights spark innovation and serve as an engine of economic growth.

这并不是夸张的，可以这么说，整个世界尤其是期待着中国和美国在清洁能源和气候变化问题上发挥领导作用。另外，我们还认为加强合作，来防止核武器的扩散，这应该成为我们一个新模式的观点，这是一个共同利益，这也应该促进更多的合作。而美国和中国另外的共同目标就是防止伊朗发展核武器。我们两国间作为安理会常任理事国所进行的密切合作，希望近期内能够同伊朗达成一个突破，达成协议。中国领导人正在继续不断的使他们的社会现代化，重组他们经济进行再平衡，从过去不可维持的基础设施的投资和低成本的出口和低工资的制造业，要转向更多以国内消费驱动的模式和创新的模式。我们同中国打交道的，每一个层次我们都是表示，我们认为从中国自身的经济目标来考虑，要采用一些有法律统制这种国际准则，包括军事财产，自由企业，开放市场和公平竞争是最符合它自身的利益，中国还应该放松对其境内的外国投资和商业活动的限制，尤其是在金融服务方面，还有消除国有企业所享受的一些特权，让它在公平的竞争场地上和国内外公司参加竞争。还要对中型小型企业的政策上的支持，对经济发展是非常重要的，还有一些强有力的强制执行的军事产权会促进创新而成为经济增长的发动机。

The Chinese leaders have recognized the need for a more innovation based economy, and so we look forward to more cooperative efforts to strengthen the rule of law, to develop a more independent and transparent judiciary system, and increase intellectual property rights, protections and enforcement. China’s breathtaking development in modernization over the last several decades was due to the reforms and opening up ushered in by Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s and early 1980s. And just last week at the third party plenum, China’s leaders reiterated their commitment to further reform and opening up, and to turn China’s economy in a more sustainable direction that contemplates a larger role for market forces. We’re encouraged by these announcements. These announcements of changes to the relationship of state-owned enterprises; announcements of interest rate reforms, loosening of the one child policy, rural land reform, among many others. And we anxiously await further details in the months ahead on how these and other reforms will be implemented.

中国的领导人也认识到需要更多的创新型的经济，我们期待能够有更多的合作加强法制，促进一个更有独立性的透明的司法体制，还有增加知识产权的保护和强制执行。中国惊人的发展和现代化这几十年以来是由于邓小平在70年代后期，80年代初所进行的改革和开放，上个礼拜在中国的三中全会的时候，中国领导人重申了他们致力于进一步的改革和开放，使中国的经济更可持续性的让这个市场力量发挥更大的作用。这些宣布使我们受到鼓舞，包括对国有企业的改革，还有利率改革，放松只生一个孩子的政策，还有一些农村土地改革等等。我们非常急切的等待能够听到更多的细节，有关怎么执行这些改革。

Let me take a moment to speak about the issue of human rights which is an essential element of U.S. global policy. In discussing the issue with China or any other country, we start from the premise that all people are entitled to the protections contained in the universal declaration of human rights. These are universal standards and they include the right to due process of law, to be able to speak freely, to associate openly, to pray in the manner one chooses, and to enjoy the benefits of a free and robust press.

We believe that societies that respect human rights and address the aspirations of their peoples are more prosperous, successful and stable. Increasing openness is already transforming Chinese society. As it has around the world, the internet has provided a platform for millions of Chinese citizens to make their voices heard about the issues affecting their daily lives, and it has provided them with unprecedented access to their leaders. From property rights to food safety to environmental protection, Chinese citizens are increasingly engaging in a national dialogue on these important issues aimed at improving people’s lives. I speak of openness because I believe the economic and cultural opening up that began with Deng Xiaoping, has led to a China that is more prosperous, respected and successful. We hope this opening up will continue and accelerate in all aspects. Because China’s own recent history proves that when it unlocks the full potential of its people, great things are possible.

花一点时间谈谈人权，这是美国全球政策必要的组成部分之一，在讨论这个问题，不管是同中国或者任何一个国家谈的时候，我们首先的一个前提就是所有人有权得到《世界人权宣言》的各项保护，这些是普世界标准，也包括法律的应有程序的确立，能够自由发言的机会，以自己选择的方式享受一个自由新闻媒体的好处。我们认为尊重人权的社会，满足人民期望的社会是更繁荣的，更成功的，更稳定的，增加开放性这个做法已经正在转型整个中国社会，就像世界各地一样，英特网已经提供一个平台，让上百万的中国公民能够让他们的声音听到，讲讲他们日常生活的一些事情，而且给他们提供一些空前的机会，能够接触到他们的领导人。不光是知识财产，还是保护，所有的这些越来越多正在参与全国性的变化，目前是要改善人民的生活。我说到这个开放性，因为我认为邓小平所开始的经济和文化的开放，已经促使中国成为更繁荣，更受到尊重，更成功的一个国家。我们希望这个开放的过程会继续下去，而且在各个方面还会加快，因为中国最近的历史已经证明了，在它释放它的人民全部的潜力，有可能实现一些伟大的成果。

President Obama told President Xi at their historic June California meeting, “The United States welcomes the continuing peaceful rise of China. The United States has an interest in a China that is peaceful, stable, and prosperous. And while we have new leaders in place in the United States with Secretary Kerry as our Secretary of State, and although President Obama was not able to attend the APEC meeting, do not mistake the change in priorities or the change in activities or the change in the schedules brought about because of emergencies back home in the United States as in any way reflecting a lessening of our commitment to the Asia Pacific region or to a more constructive relationship with China. Indeed Secretary Kerry will visit here before too long and Vice President Biden will be here in China in just a few weeks. And many of the people who served in the White House advising President Obama on U.S.-China policy, are now in leadership positions at the State Department. So our commitment to the Asia Pacific region is strong. It is firm. And part of that commitment to the Asia Pacific region includes more interaction, dialogue, and meetings with China. A prosperous China is good for the United States. A strong U.S. economy is good for China. And a strong U.S.-China relationship is good for the entire world. So many of the problems facing the world cannot be solved by the United States alone or China alone. From climate change to halting the spread of nuclear weapons, to finding cures for some of the most dreaded diseases facing the world. The planet is looking for leadership in both the United States and China, working together. We’re making headway, but there’s so much more work that remains to be done. Thank you very much.

奥巴马总统在和习主席6月份加利福尼亚技术联席会议的时候，他说一个繁荣的中国对美国是有好处的。这一次奥巴马总统没有能够去APEC会议，但是不要误解，因为我们的一些优先的事项，或者我们的活动，或者有一些别的事情有改变，因为那是因为国内有一些紧急事情要处理，但是这个根本没有没有说明我们减少对亚太地区的投入，或者改变我们要同中国发展新的关系的目标。的确，国务部长可能最近要到来，可能明天年初的时候，拜登副总统要到中国来，所以我们致力于亚太地区的投入，并且有坚定的决心，也包括我们要同中国的对话，会晤。一个繁荣的中国对美国有利，一个强有力的美国经济对中国有好处，一个强有力的美中关系对全世界是有利的。所以，世界面临的许多问题不可能由美国单独解决，或者中国单独来解决，气候变化，或者核武器的扩散，或者一些最可怕的治疗方法，这来自美国和中国共同的领导力，我们正在取得进展，但是还有大量的工作要我们做，非常感谢！

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