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The Cold War
冷战时期
After the war, a new war of international tension, intrigue and political posturing, called the Cold War, forced the U.S. to scrap any thoughts of the false comforts of official isolation.
战后，一种新的战争，被称为“冷战”的紧张多变的国际关系和政治局势，迫使美国放弃了保持孤立以求安宁的“错误”想法。
It joined the United Nations (UN) and other international organizations, such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT).
美国加人了联合国和其他国际性组织，如北大西洋公约组织(NATO)、国际货币基金组织(IMF)、关贸总协定(GATT)。
It was determined to play a major, if not dominant role, in post war international affairs.
美国决定在国际事务中即使起不到能左右局势的作用，也要扮演一个主要角色。
The world was the stage for intense rivalry between the Communists, on one side, and democratic Capitalists on the other.
世界成了一个激烈竞争的舞台，一边是共产主义者，而另一边是民主资本主义者。
It fostered close scrutiny of each other, as well as a brisk interchange of often fabricated and distorted propaganda between the polarized sides.
这助长了彼此的密切监视：以及彼此间互相捏造事实、歪曲宣传的激烈交战。
It injected the fear that if one side blinked, a nuclear war would be triggered. The world, seemingly, was always on the verge of warfare.
这带来了恐惧，好像只要一方眨一下眼睛，就会触发一场核战争。世界好像总是处于战争的边缘。
This environment placed the United States and China on opposite sides once the Communists took power in China in 1949.
这种环境在1949年共产党人在中国取得政权以后，使美国和中国成了对立的双方。
This constant friction jeopardized chances for meaningful political interaction and intercourse.
长期的摩擦危害了进行有意义的政治交流和对话的机会。
This atmosphere of distrust and fear left little incentive for the different sides to talk seriously.
怀疑和恐惧的气氛不可能使双方进行严肃的对话。
By the end of the Second World War, or during the last year or two of the war, the world stage was being set for the Cold War.
二次世界大战后期，或者是战争的最后一两年，冷战局面就开始形成了。
The outbreak of war on the Korean Peninsula brought about an abrupt change of focus in American foreign policy.
朝鲜战争的爆发使得美国外交政策发生了根本改变。
The new American strategy was to militarily isolate or alienate China in Asia.
美国新的政策是在军事上孤立和疏远在亚洲的中国。
To accomplish this, the United States established bases in East Asia and mutual defense treaties in East Asia.
为了达到这个目的，美国在远东建立了基地和远东共同防御条约。
Treaties were negotiated with Japan, the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand.
条约由日本、菲律宾、澳大利亚和新西兰参与议定。
American President Eisenhower later expanded these to include South Korea, Pakistan, and Thailand.
艾森豪威尔总统后来将条约扩大到了韩国、巴基斯坦和泰国。
In the 1950s, American power and credibility deteriorated somewhat in the Cold War.
20世纪50年代，美国的势力和信誉在冷战中多少受到了削弱。
Its own people, who began to oppose McCarthyism and the blunt anti-communist policies of John Foster Dulles, the American Secretary of State in the Eisenhower Administration, helped to undermined national prestige.
美国人民开始反对麦卡锡主义和艾森豪威尔政权的国务卿约翰·福斯特·杜勒斯强硬的反共政策，这更加损害了美国的威信。
In 1953, Josef Stalin, the Soviet leader, died. These events helped to bring about a shift in direction in American foreign policy.
1953年，前苏联领导人约瑟夫·斯大林去世。这些事件使美国的外交政策的方向发生了转变。
The United States began to look more to Asian events as major threats to America's national security.
美国开始更多地关注亚洲事务，将其看做对美国的国家安全的主要威胁。
The Iron Curtain was firmly established in Europe, and NATO forces provided secure protection on the western side of the curtain.
这时在欧洲建立了牢固的铁幕，在铁幕的西边，有北约部队保卫安全。
For the time being, things looked fairly stable in Europe.
一段时间内，欧洲看起来相当稳定。
In the East, because of the end of the Korean War and the exodus of the French from Indo-China, things were not as stable.
在东方，由于朝鲜战争结束，法国从中南半岛撤离，局势就不那么稳定。
The American political elite contended that the foremost problem was the vacuum left by the French withdrawal from Indo-China.
美国的政治家们主张，最大的问题是法国退出中南半岛后留下的权力真空。
To officials in the United States, this void must not be filled by another communist regime.
在美国的官员们看来，不能让另一个共产党政权来填补这里的真空。
The realization of objectives of the domino theory (the essence of which was, that if not checked, countries in a given area will all gradually fall to communist rule) could not be allowed to perpetuate.
不能让“多米诺理论（该理论的实质为：在不受控制的情况下，某些特定地区的国家将逐渐走向共产主义道路）目标的实现继续下去。
The Chinese Revolution had established a communist regime in the most populous country in the world, and the tensions between North and South Korea were not going to go away overnight.
中国革命在世界上人口最多的国家建立起了共产党政权，韩国与朝鲜之间的紧张关系也不是马上就可以解决的。
Success of the domino theory looked more likely in Asia than in Europe.
“多米诺理论”看来更可能在亚洲，而不是在欧洲成功。
The United States felt that it needed to concentrate its energies and resources in Asia.
美国感到需要把精力和资源集中到亚洲。
Military expenditures increased as defense budgets went sky high with democratic and communist bureaucracies building huge arsenals or inventories of high velocity, even supersonic destructive nuclear weapons, in a very fragile polarized world.
由于民主社会和共产主义社会的官僚们还在高速建立大量的兵工厂和军备，甚至在这个极度对立的世界上制造出了极具杀伤力的核武器，致使作为国防预算的军费开支居高不下。
Even China tested a thermal nuclear weapon in the early 60s.
甚至中国也在20世纪60年代早期试验成功了热核武器。
