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En Bernanke, former head of the U.S. Federal Reserve, and two other American economists were awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences on Monday.
周一，美国联邦储备委员会前主席伯南克和另外两名美国经济学家被授予诺贝尔经济学奖。
Bernanke is credited with helping lead the United States out of the 2007-2008 financial crisis.
伯南克被认为是带领美国走出2007-2008年金融危机的功臣。
The two other winners were Douglas W.Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig.
另外两位获奖者是道格拉斯·W·戴蒙德和菲利普·H·戴布维格。
The Nobel committee at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said the three financial experts showed "why avoiding bank collapses is vital."
瑞典皇家科学院的诺贝尔委员会说，这三位金融专家证明了“为什么避免银行倒闭至关重要。”
John Hassler of the prize committee said: "Financial crises and depressions are kind of the worst thing that can happen to the economy."
该奖项委员会的约翰·哈斯勒说：“金融危机和经济萧条是经济可能发生的最糟糕的事情。“
The three men worked during their university careers to understand how bank failures can cause economic downturns.
这三个人在他们的大学期间工作以银行倒闭如何导致经济衰退。
Before their work, most economists saw bank failures as a result of – but not a cause of – economic problems.
在他们的研究之前，大多数经济学家认为银行倒闭是经济问题的结果，但不是原因。
Research by Diamond and Dybvig in the 1980s showed that governments could provide assistance to protect money in banks and prevent financial crises from getting worse.
戴蒙德和戴布维格在20世纪80年代的研究表明，政府可以提供援助，以保护银行中的资金，防止金融危机恶化。
Bernanke did his work at Stanford University before serving as chairman of the Federal Reserve from 2006 to 2014.
伯南克在2006年至2014年担任美联储主席之前，曾在斯坦福大学工作。
Diamond worked at the University of Chicago and Dybvig at Washington University in St.Louis.
戴蒙德在芝加哥大学工作，戴布维格在圣路易斯华盛顿大学工作。
Diamond told the Associated Press he was "very happy" and "quite surprised" to get the news of his prize win.
戴蒙德在接受美联社采访时表示，得知自己获奖的消息后，他感到“非常高兴”“非常惊讶”。
He said it was "gratifying" that the work the economists did was easy to understand by government leaders.
他说，经济学家所做的工作很容易被政府领导人理解，这是“令人欣慰的”。
In addition, the proposed policies "could be used in the actual financial crisis"
此外，拟议的政策“可能会被用于实际的金融危机。”
Diamond added that the current financial system is "much less vulnerable" because of the work the economists did in the past.
戴蒙德补充说，基于经济学家们之前所做的工作，目前的金融体系已经“不那么脆弱”。
The university research proved valuable in 2008 when investors sent the financial system into a panic.
2008年，当投资者让金融系统陷入恐慌时，大学的研究被证明是有价值的。
At the time, Bernanke worked with the U.S. Treasury Department to support major banks and ease a shortage of credit.
当时，伯南克与美国财政部合作，支持主要银行，缓解信贷短缺。
He also pushed interest rates on loans lower and asked the Federal Reserve to buy problematic investments.
他还压低了贷款利率，并要求美联储购买有问题的投资。
The actions calmed investors and supported large banks.
这些行动安抚了投资者，并支撑了大型银行。
The work from 2008 set an example that was used again in 2020 when the world was in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic.
2008年的这项工作树立了一个榜样，在2020年再次被使用，当时世界正处于新冠肺炎大流行的早期。
World economies slowed down as people were forced to stay home from work.
由于人们被迫呆在家里不工作，世界经济放缓。
At that point, the leader of the Federal Reserve was Jerome Powell.
在这一点上，美联储的领导人是杰罗姆·鲍威尔。
Powell cut interest rates and put money into the financial system, which started a fast recovery.
鲍威尔降息并将资金投入金融体系，开始了快速复苏。
While those actions steadied the economy, many nations are still worried about rising costs in food and energy.
虽然这些行动稳定了经济，但许多国家仍然担心食品和能源成本的上涨。
The Nobel committee noted a paper Bernanke wrote at Stanford in 1983 about the cause of the Great Depression of the 1930s.
诺贝尔委员会注意到伯南克1983年在斯坦福大学写的一篇关于1930年代大萧条原因的论文。
Allan Blinder, an economics expert at Princeton University, told The Associated Press he considered that paper "startlingly original."
普林斯顿大学的经济专家艾伦·布林德告诉美联社，他认为这篇论文“令人震惊地具有原创性”。
He said it had played an important part in explaining how the Great Depression started and why it lasted so long.
他说，这篇论文在解释大萧条是如何开始的以及为什么持续了这么长时间方面发挥了重要作用。
Simon Johnson is an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
西蒙·约翰逊是麻省理工学院的经济学家。
He said a work by Diamond and Dybvig about how governments can support bank deposits proposed a "very, very powerful idea."
他表示，戴蒙德和戴布维格关于政府如何支持银行存款的研究提出了一个“非常、非常强大的想法”。
In addition, Diamond wrote about how banks should play an important part in deciding which projects are "worthy" of being financed.
此外，戴蒙德还写道，银行应该在决定哪些项目“值得”获得资金方面发挥重要作用。
Monday's award was the last in a week of Nobel Prize announcements.
周一的奖项是诺贝尔奖揭晓的最后一周。
The winners will share a cash prize worth about $900,000 that will be given out at an event on December 10.
获奖者将分享价值约90万美元的现金奖励，奖金将在12月10日的活动中颁发。
I'm Dan Friedell.
我是丹·弗里德尔。
