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Hi, and welcome to Your Health, Quickly, a Scientific American podcast series!
大家好，欢迎来到《科学美国人》播客系列《健康快讯》!
On this show, we highlight the latest vital health news, discoveries that affect your body and your mind.
在本节目中，我们重点介绍影响人们身心健康的最新要闻和发现。
Every episode, we dive into one topic. We discuss diseases, treatments, and some controversies.
每一集，我们都会深入探讨一个话题。我们讨论疾病、治疗以及一些争议话题。
And we demystify the medical research in ways you can use to stay healthy.
我们揭开医学研究的神秘面纱，你可以借此保持健康。
I’m Tanya Lewis. I’m Josh Fischman. We’re Scientific American’s senior health editors.
我是谭雅·刘易斯。我是乔希·费什曼。我们是《科学美国人》的高级健康编辑。
Today, we’re talking about how chat-based AI programs are being used to help diagnose medical problems.
今天，我们要讨论的是，如何使用基于聊天的人工智能程序来帮助诊断医疗问题。
They’re surprisingly accurate. But they do come with a few pitfalls.
它们出奇地准确。但它们也有一些缺陷。
Josh, have you ever used Google to try to diagnose a medical issue?
乔什，你用过谷歌来诊断医疗问题吗?
You mean like typing in “What are the causes of low back pain?” or “Is drug X the best treatment for glaucoma?”
你是说输入“腰痛的原因是什么?”或“某种药是治疗青光眼的最佳药物吗?”这样的行为吗？
Yeah, that happens pretty much every other day, either for me or for someone in my family.
是啊，无论是我，还是我的家人，我们几乎每隔一天就会用它诊断一次。
Yeah, I have, too. And I know it’s a bad idea, because somehow every search that I do ends up suggesting that whatever I have is cancer.
是的，我也是。我知道这是个糟糕的主意，因为不知怎的，我每次搜索最后都表明我患的病是癌症。
But now there’s a new way to get medical info online: generative AI chatbots.
但现在有一种新的方式可以在线获取医疗信息: 生成式人工智能聊天机器人。
Like ChatGPT?
比如ChatGPT?
Yeah, like OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Microsoft’s Bing (which is based on the algorithm that powers ChatGPT).
对，比方说，OpenAI的ChatGPT以及微软的必应(这些程序基于支持ChatGPT的算法)。
And others that are designed specifically to provide medical info, like Google’s Med-paLM.
还有一些是专门为提供医疗信息而设计的，比如谷歌的Med-paLM。
They’re all based on large language models, or LLMs, which predict the next word in a sentence.
它们都基于大型语言模型(LLM)，大型语言模型可以预测句子中的下一个单词。
They’re trained on huge amounts of data gleaned from all over the internet, and in some cases, info from medical exams and real doctor-patient interactions.
这些程序的训练材料是，互联网收集的海量数据、有时是体检信息以及医患真实互动信息。
Do those things work better than our simple Internet searches?
这些程序比我们简单的互联网搜索表现更好吗?
I wanted to know that, too. To find out more, I talked to Sara Reardon, a science journalist based in Bozeman, Montana, and regular SciAm contributor, who has been reporting on AI in medicine for us.
我也想知道。为了了解更多信息，我采访了莎拉·里尔登，她是蒙大拿州波兹曼的一名科学记者，也是《科学美国人》的定期撰稿人，一直在为我们报道医学领域的人工智能。
Doctors have been concerned for a long time about people googling their symptoms.
长期以来，医生一直担心人们会在谷歌上搜索症状。
There's this term “Dr. Google,” which is really frustrating to a lot of physicians, because people come in and think that they know what they have without having the actual expertise or context, just by having looked up, “I have a headache. What does it mean?”
有个词叫“谷歌医生”，这让很多医生很受挫，因为人们进来后认为他们知道自己患了什么病，但他们没有实际的专业知识或背景，只是谷歌查了一下，“我头疼。这意味着什么?”
GPT software is much better at actually being accurate in determining what patients have and asking sometimes follow-up questions that will help it further hone in on the correct diagnosis.
GPT软件在确定患者所患疾病方面要准确得多，有时还会询问若干后续问题，这将有助于它进一步做出正确的诊断。
