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From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。
Five million American children and teenagers have Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder, commonly known as ADHD.
美国有500万儿童和青少年患注意力不足过动症，俗称多动症。
ADHD makes it difficult - if not impossible - to stay with a duty until it is complete.
多动症使得一个人很难完成一项任务，当然这也并非绝不可能。
Katherine Ellison knows the problem well. She is a mother who was always yelling at her son to be quiet, to sit still, to stay on task. She did not know that he had ADHD. She also did not know that she had it too.
凯瑟琳·埃利森（Katherine Ellison）非常了解这个问题。她是一位母亲，她过去经常吼她儿子，让他安静，让他坐好专心做事。她不知道他患有多动症，她更不知道自己也患这病。
Ms. Ellison wrote a book about the issue with her son, Buzz. VOA's Faiza Elmasry talked to her about, "Buzz: A Year of Paying Attention."
埃里森女士和她的儿子巴斯就这个问题写了一本书。美国之音的法伊扎·艾尔·马斯里（Faiza Elmasry）和她谈到了这本名为《巴斯：专注的一年》的书。
Buzz Ellison is a child who had many problems in elementary school. He could not sit still. He was constantly jumping up and down in class. He did not pay attention to his teachers and could not focus on the task at hand.
巴斯·埃里森（Buzz Ellison）这小孩在小学问题多多。他没法稳当坐着，他在课堂上不断跳上跳下。他没有注意自己的老师，也没法专注于手头的作业。
As a result, his mother says, he was always in trouble. He also got bullied. And his teachers gave him a lot of negative feedback.
他妈妈说，这样一来他总是麻烦不断。他还被欺凌。而他的老师也给了他很多负面评价。
"His attitude towards school really changed. I think he got bullied both by his peers and his teachers who insisted that he could do things that he really wasn't capable of doing at that age and remembering things and they gave him a lot of negative feedback."
“他对学校的态度真的改变了。我认为他同时受到了同学和老师的欺凌。老师坚持认为他可以做到他这个年纪无法做到的事情并且记住一些东西。他们给了他很多负面评价。”
His mother, Katherine Ellison, is a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter. She did not understand why he behaved the way he did. And she admits that her behavior was only making the situation worse.
他妈妈凯瑟琳是一位普利策奖的获奖记者。她不明白他为何这样做。她也承认她的态度只是让情况恶化。
"I was making things worse often by being anxious or being impatient or not understanding him. And I realized at some point that I really hadn't hugged him in a while. And I wasn't smiling when he came into the room because we were just having such a hard time."
“我经常因为焦急，或不耐烦，或不理解他而让事情变得更糟。我意识到有些时候我未曾抱紧他一会，当他走进房间时我也未曾露过笑容。因为我们当时正在经历这样一个困难时期。”
When Buzz was nine doctors identified his problem. They said he had ADHD. And, like many parents of children with ADHD, Ellison learned she had the disorder as well. She was in her late 40s.
当巴斯九岁时，医生确诊了他的毛病。医生说他患有多动症。像许多多动症患儿的家长一样，埃里森得知她也患有这种病。她当时年近50。
She says that like many people with ADD or ADHD life can be a rollercoaster ride – a life with many ups and downs, high points and low points.
她说，和许多的多动症患者一样，人生就像是坐过山车，有起有落，有高潮有低谷。
"I, like many people with ADD, had a roller coaster of a life. For instance, I got sued for 11-million dollars for a reporting error that I made in one of my first years as a newspaper reporter. And two years later, I won a Pulitzer Prize. So these are the kinds of things that often happen when you got this disorder; you're capable of really amazing things and very humiliating, terrible things."
“我和许多的多动症患者一样，人生如过山车一般。例如，我做报社记者第一年犯下1100万美元的报道错误而被起诉。而两年后，我获得了普利策奖。这些都是多动症患者通常会经历的一些事情。你能做出非常了不起的事情，也会做出非常丢脸和可怕的事情。”
So, the mother and son teamed to write a book about their experience. Ms. Ellison says she was happy that ADHD became a project for them instead of a fight between them.
于是母子俩就他们的经历联合撰写了一本书。埃里森女士表示，她很高兴看到多动症成为他俩的一个项目，而不是他俩之间的斗争。
"My son and I started out by writing a contract together, which was terrific because it changed the perspective from being a shameful problem that we had to a joint business project. And I also knew that he would cooperate with me. He wanted a percentage of the profits from the book. I was willing to do that because all of a sudden we're partners rather than antagonists."
“我儿子和我从共同起草合同开始，这很了不起，因为它把这是我俩一个丢人的毛病这种观点变为一个共同运作的项目。而且我知道他会跟我合作。他想要这本书收益的1%。我愿意这样做，因为突然之间我俩成了合作伙伴而不是对手。”
They explored the world of ADHD for a year. They researched treatments and doctors.
他们在多动症的世界探索了一年。她们研究了治疗办法和医生。
More Cases of ADHD Identified in Children
更多儿童被诊断出多动症
ADHD is identified more and more. But much about the disorder remains unknown, including its cause or causes. American and Swedish researchers have released a study that links older fathers and ADHD. It found babies fathered by men over 44 years old are 13 times more likely to develop the disorder. JAMA Psychiatry, a journal of the American Medical Association, published the study.
越来越多的多动症被诊断出来。但关于这种疾病仍有很多未知，包括其患病原因。美国和瑞典的研究人员公布了一项研究，将年长父亲和多动症联系了起来。该研究发现，44岁以上做父亲生下的孩子患多动症的几率高出13倍。美国医学会精神科期刊(JAMA Psychiatry)发表了这项研究。
Peter Levine is a doctor of children's medicine in California. The pediatrician specializes in treating children with ADHD. He says there are many misunderstandings about the disorder.
彼得·列文（Peter Levine）是加州的一位儿科医生。他专门从事儿童多动症治疗。他说，关于这种疾病存在许多误解。
"One of the biggest misconceptions is parents think that this is their fault."
“其中最大的误解之一是家长们认为这是他们的过错。”
And, he says others find fault with these parents, too.
他还表示，他人也对这些父母指手画脚。
"Other parents will blame them for it because they see the way these kids acting and they'll (will) say, ‘What's wrong with you? Why can't you control your child?' So parents will blame themselves. Another misconception is that the child is really not trying, because oftentimes these kids are trying harder than other kids to control their behaviors. That leads to a lot of difficulties and frustrations."
“其他家长会因此责怪他们，因为他们看到这些孩子的行为会说，‘你是怎么回事？你为何没法管住你的孩子？’所以家长们会自责。另一个误解是这些孩子们不曾努力，因为通常情况下，这些孩子比其他孩子要更努力地控制自己的行为。这导致很多困难和挫折。”
Mr. Levine says the first step in dealing with ADHD is getting the facts straight.
列文先生表示，应对多动症的第一步是直接确诊。
"In America, the diagnosis rate in children generally is quoted in the range of about 3 to 7 percent of children. It's more common in boys, by about three to one. This is a highly inheritable disorder. They can't get over ADHD. I mean it's not something that you can make go away. As many as two-third of the children who have problems with ADHD will have difficulties as adults. You can't cure it. You have to find ways of coping with it."
“在美国，儿童确诊率通常援引的范围在3%和7%之间。它在男孩中更常见，大约是3：1的比例。这是一种高度遗传的疾病。他们无法克服多动症。我的意思是，这不是你能甩掉的毛病。多达三分之二的多动症患儿在成年后会遇到麻烦。这种病没法治愈，你必须找到对付它的办法。”
Changing Parenting Styles for ADHD Kids
改变多动症儿童的教养方式
He says that one of the most effective ways to deal with ADHD is to change the way you parent.
他说，应对多动症最有效的办法之一是改变你的教养方式。
And that's what Katherine Ellison did.
这正是埃里森所做的。
She says she is now paying more attention to her son, spending more time with him, being less judgmental and giving him more positive feedback.
她说她现在更加关注她儿子，花更多时间陪他，少些主观，给他更多的积极评价。
And Buzz is reacting well to these changes. He has fewer outbursts at home and at school. He is more centered on school work. And he has a new interest – playing tennis.
而巴斯对这些改变非常受用。他在家里和学校更少情感爆发，他对学校作业更加专注，而且他有了一个新爱好--打网球。
And that's the Health Report. I'm Anna Matteo.
以上就是本期美国之音慢速英语健康报道的全部内容。我是安娜·马特奥(Anna Matteo)。
本栏目视频字幕与文本并不完全对应，且视频播放缓冲时间较长，敬请谅解！
