评论
打印
Welcome to the United Kingdom (and a Whole Lot More) explained by me, C. G. P. Grey. United Kingdom? England? Great Britain?
欢迎来到由格雷解释的英国。英国？英格兰？大不列颠？
Are these three the same place? Are they different places? Do British people secretly laugh those who use the terms incorrectly?
这三个是同一个地方吗？它们是不同的地方吗？英国人会偷偷嘲笑那些错误使用这些术语的人吗？
Who knows the answers to these questions? I do, and I'm going to tell you right now.
谁知道这些问题的答案？我知道，我现在就告诉你。
For the lost -- his is the world, this is the European continent, and this is the place we have to untangle. The area shown in purple is the United Kingdom.
对于迷茫的人来说——这是世界，这是欧洲大陆，这是我们必须解开谜底的地方。紫色区域是英国。
Part of the confusion is that the United Kingdom is not a single country, but is instead is a country of countries.
造成混淆的部分原因是，英国不是一个单一的国家，而是一个由多个国家组成的国家。
It contains, inside of it -- four, co-equal, and sovereign nations. The first of these is England, shown here in red.
它包含四个平等的主权国家。其中第一个是英格兰，这里用红色表示。
England is often confused with the United Kingdom, as a whole, because it's the largest and most populous of the nations, and contains the de facto capital city, London.
英格兰经常与整个英国混淆，因为它是四个中最大、人口最多的国家，其事实上的首都是伦敦。
To the north is Scotland, shown in blue, and to the west is Wales, shown in white, and -- often forgotten even by those who live in the United Kingdom -- is Northern Ireland, shown in orange.
北边是苏格兰，用蓝色表示；西边是威尔士，用白色表示；还有——甚至连居住在英国的人都常常忘记——北爱尔兰，用橙色表示。
Each country has a local term for the population. While you can call them all 'British,' it's not recommended; as the four countries generally don't like each other.
每个国家都有一个当地人口的称谓。虽然你可以称他们都是“British”，但不建议这样做；因为这四个国家通常都不喜欢对方。
The Northern Irish, Scottish, and Welsh regard the English as slave-driving, colonial masters (no matter that all three have their own, devolved, Parliaments; and are allowed to vote on English laws despite the reverse not being true),
北爱尔兰人、苏格兰人和威尔士人认为英格兰人是奴隶主、殖民者（尽管这三个国家都有自己的、权力下放的议会；并且被允许对英格兰法律进行投票，尽管反过来不行），
and the English generally regard the rest as rural, yokels who spend too much time with their sheep.
而英格兰人通常认为其余的人是乡巴佬，花太多时间在羊群上。
However, as the four constituent countries don't have their own passports, they're all British citizens, like it or not.
然而，由于这四个组成国没有自己的护照，所以不管喜欢与否，他们都是英国公民。
They are British citizens of the United Kingdom, whose full name, by the way, is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
他们是英国的英国公民，顺便说一下，英国的全名是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
So where's Great Britain hiding? Right here, the area covered in black is Great Britain.
那么大不列颠藏在哪里呢？此处，黑色区域为大不列颠。
Unlike England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, Great Britain is a geographical -- rather than a political -- erm.
与英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰不同，大不列颠是一个地理区域，而非政治区域。
Great Britain is the largest island among the British Isles. Within the United Kingdom, the term 'Great Britain' is often used to refer to -- England, Scotland, and Wales alone -- with the intentional exclusion of Northern Ireland.
大不列颠是英伦三岛中最大的岛屿。在英国境内，“Great Britain”一词通常仅用于指代英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，而有意排除北爱尔兰。
This is mostly, but not completely, true, as all three constituent countries have islands that are not part of Great Britain:
这基本正确，但并非完全正确，因为所有三个组成国都有不属于大不列颠的岛屿：
such as the Isle of Wight (part of England), the Welsh Isle of Anglesey, the Scottish Hebrides, the Shetland Islands, the Orkney Islands, and the Islands of the Clyde.
例如英格兰的怀特岛、威尔士的安格尔西岛、苏格兰的赫布里底群岛、设得兰群岛、奥克尼群岛和克莱德群岛。
The second biggest island in the British Isles is Ireland. It's worth noting, at this point, that Ireland is not a country; like Great Britain, it's a geographical -- not political -- erm.
英伦三岛的第二大岛屿是爱尔兰。值得注意的是，爱尔兰不是一个国家；与大不列颠一样，它是一个地理区域，而非政治区域。
The Island of Ireland contains, on it, two countries: Northern Ireland, which we have already discussed, and the Republic of Ireland.
爱尔兰岛上有两个国家：我们已经讨论过的北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国。
When people say they are 'Irish,' they're referring to the Republic of Ireland (which is a separate country from the United Kingdom).
当人们说他们是“Irish”时，他们指的是爱尔兰共和国（与英国是不同的国家）。
However, both the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom are members of the European Union --
然而，爱尔兰共和国和英国都是欧盟成员国——
even though England, in particular, likes to pretend that it's an island in the mid-Atlantic, rather than 50 kilometers off the coast of France -- but that's a story for another time.
尽管英格兰尤其喜欢假装它是大西洋中部的一个岛屿，而不是距离法国海岸50公里的岛屿——但那是另一个故事了。
To review: the two largest islands in the British Isles are Ireland and Great Britain.
回顾一下：英伦三岛中最大的两个岛屿是爱尔兰和大不列颠。
Ireland has, on it, two countries -- he Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland; while Great Britain, mostly, contains three: England, Scotland and Wales.
爱尔兰岛上有两个国家——爱尔兰共和国和北爱尔兰；而大不列颠主要有三个国家：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
These last three, when combined with Northern Ireland, form the United Kingdom.
最后三个国家与北爱尔兰合并，组成了英国。
There are still many unanswered questions: such as, why, when you travel to Canada, is there British royalty on the money? To answer this, we need to talk about empire.
仍有许多未解问题：例如，为什么当你去加拿大旅行时，钱上会有英国皇室的标志？要回答这个问题，我们需要谈谈帝国。
You can't have gone to school, in the English-speaking world, without having learned that the British Empire once spanned 1/4th the world's land and governed nearly 1/4th the world's people.
在英语国家上学，你不可能不知道大英帝国曾经覆盖了世界四分之一的土地，统治着近四分之一的世界人口。
While it's easy to remember the parts of the British Empire that broke away violently, we often forget how many nations gained independence through diplomacy, not bloodshed.
虽然我们很容易记住大英帝国暴力分裂的部分，但我们常常忘记有多少国家是通过外交手段而不是战争手段获得独立的。
These want-to-be nations struck a deal with the Empire: where they continued to recognize the Monarchy as the Head of State, in exchange for a local, autonomous parliament.
这些想要独立自主的国家与大英帝国达成了一项协议：他们继续承认君主为国家元首，以换取地方自治议会。
To understand how they are connected, we need to talk about the Crown.
要了解它们之间的联系，我们需要谈谈Crown。
Not the physical crown -- hat sits behind glass in the Tower of London, and earns millions of tourist pounds for the UK -- but the Crown as a complicated, legal entity, best thought of as a one-man corporation.
不是实体的王冠——帽子放在伦敦塔的玻璃后面，为英国赚取数百万英镑的旅游收入——而是一个复杂的法律实体，最好被认为是一个一人公司。
Who created this corporation? God did. According to British tradition, all power is vested in God and the Monarch is crowned in a Christian ceremony.
谁创建了这个公司？是上帝。根据英国传统，一切权力都归上帝所有，君主在基督教仪式上加冕。
God, however, not wanting to be bothered with micromanagement, conveniently delegates his power his power to an entity called the Crown.
然而，上帝不想被微观管理所困扰，他很方便地将他的权力委托给一个叫做Crown的实体。
While this used to be the physical crown in the Tower of London, it evolved, over time, into a legal corporation; sole able to be controlled only by the ruling monarch.
虽然这曾经是伦敦塔中的实体王冠，但随着时间的推移，它演变成一个合法公司；只能由在位君主控制。
It's a useful reminder that the United Kingdom is still, technically, a theocracy: with the reigning monarch acting as both the Head of State and the Supreme Governor of the official state religion: Anglicanism.
这是一个有用的提醒，英国严格来说仍然是神权政治：在位君主既是国家元首，又是官方国教安立甘宗的最高统治者。
Such are the oddities that arise when dealing with a thousand year-old Monarchy. Back to Canada and the rest.
这就是在与一个千年君主制打交道时出现的奇怪现象。回到加拿大和其他国家。
The former colonies that gained their independence through diplomacy, and continue to recognize the authority of the Crown, are known as the Commonwealth Realm.
通过外交手段获得独立并继续承认皇室权威的前殖民地被称为英联邦王国。
They are, in decreasing order of population: Canada, Australia, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Jamaica, the Solomon Islands, Belize, the Bahamas,
按人口递减顺序排列为：加拿大、澳大利亚、巴布亚新几内亚、新西兰、牙买加、所罗门群岛、伯利兹、巴哈马、
Barbados, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Tuvalu.
巴巴多斯、圣卢西亚、圣文森特和格林纳丁斯、格林纳达、安提瓜和巴布达、圣基茨和尼维斯和图瓦卢。
All are independent nations, but still recognize the Monarchy as the Head of State (even though it has little real power within their borders).
所有国家都是独立国家，但仍承认君主为国家元首（尽管君主在其境内几乎没有实际权力）。
There are three further entities that belong to the Crown, and these are the Crown Dependencies: the Isle of Man, Jersey, and Guernsey.
还有三个实体属于英国皇室，即英国皇家属地：马恩岛、泽西岛和根西岛。
Unlike the Commonwealth Realm, they are not considered independent nations, but are granted local autonomy by the Crown,
与英联邦王国不同，它们不是独立国家，但被英国皇室授予地方自治权，
and a British Citizenship by the United Kingdom (though, the UK does reserve the right to over-rule the laws of their local assemblies).
并被英国授予英国公民身份（尽管英国保留推翻其地方议会法律的权利）。
Are we all done now? Almost, but not quite; there are still a couple of loose threads, such as this place: the tiny city of Gibraltar on the southern coast of Spain.
我们现在都讲清楚了吗？几乎是，但还有一些松散的线索，例如这个地方：西班牙南部海岸的小城市直布罗陀。
Famous for its rock, its monkeys, and for causing diplomatic tension between the United Kingdom and Spain.
以其岩石、猴子和引起英国和西班牙之间外交紧张而闻名。
But what about the Falkland Islands: which caused so much tension between the United Kingdom and Argentina, that they went to war over them.
但福克兰群岛呢：它引起了英国和阿根廷之间的紧张关系，以至于他们为此开战。
These places belong in the last group of Crown properties known as: British Overseas Territories, but their former name, 'Crown Colonies,' gives away their origin. They are the last vestiges of the British Empire.
这些地方属于最后一组皇室财产，即英国海外领土，但它们以前的名称“皇家殖民地”暴露了它们的起源。它们是大英帝国的最后遗迹。
Unlike the Commonwealth Realm, they have not become independent nations and continue to rely on the United Kingdom for military and, sometimes, economic assistance.
与英联邦王国不同，它们尚未成为独立国家，继续依赖英国提供军事援助，有时还依赖英国提供经济援助。
Like the Crown Dependencies, everyone born within their borders is a British citizen.
与皇家属地一样，在其境内出生的每个人都是英国公民。
The Crown Colonies are, in decreasing order of population: Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, the Turks and Caicos Islands, Gibraltar, the British Virgin Islands, Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Anguilla, Saint Helena, the Ascension Islands, Tristan da Cunha,
皇家殖民地按人口数量递减顺序排列为：百慕大、开曼群岛、特克斯和凯科斯群岛、直布罗陀、英属维尔京群岛、阿克罗蒂里和德凯利亚、安圭拉、圣赫勒拿、阿森松岛、特里斯坦达库尼亚、
Montserrat, the British Indian Ocean Territory, the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, the Falkland Islands, the British Antarctic Territory, and the Pitcairn Islands.
蒙特塞拉特、英属印度洋领地、南乔治亚和南桑威奇群岛、福克兰群岛、英属南极领地和皮特凯恩群岛。
For our final Venn diagram: the United Kingdom is a country situated on the British Isles and is part of the Crown, which is controlled by the Monarchy.
最后的维恩图如下：英国是一个位于不列颠群岛上的国家，是英国皇室的一部分，由君主控制。
Also part of the Crown and the British Isles are the Crown Dependencies.
英国皇家属地也是英国皇室和不列颠群岛的一部分。
The independent nations of the former Empire that still recognize the Crown are the Commonwealth Realm, and the non-independent remnants of the former Empire and are the British Overseas Territories.
仍然承认英国皇室的前帝国独立国家是英联邦王国，前帝国的剩余非独立部分是英国海外领土。
