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Especially for children or those already weakened, this can be too much and the disease wins the war.
尤其是对儿童或那些已经虚弱的人来说，这可能太过分了，疾病会赢得战争。
The bacterium spreads to other organs, lung function breaks down and the patient dies. 1.3 million people died this way in 2023 alone.
细菌扩散到其他器官，肺功能崩溃，患者死亡。仅2023年就有130万人以这种方式死亡。
The Worst Kind of Problem. Tuberculosis is the worst kind of problem: A slow one.
最严重的问题。结核病是最严重的问题：缓慢发展。
Instead of killing millions quickly like Covid, scaring a panicked humanity into frantic action, TB is a smoldering fire. Killing too slowly for our short attention span.
结核病不像新冠病毒那样迅速杀死数百万人，吓得惊慌失措的人类疯狂采取行动，而是一团阴燃的火焰。对于我们短暂的注意力来说，杀戮太慢了。
The symptoms are often mild for many months, so you don't feel in danger.
症状通常会持续数月，所以你不会感到危险。
Tuberculosis doesn't want to kill you of course, it wants to stay alive and spread.
结核病当然不想杀死你，它想活着并传播。
And to do this, it exploits human behavior: The people you are most likely to infect are your family and friends, coworkers or neighbors, the people you spend a lot of time with.
为了做到这一点，它利用了人类的行为：你最有可能感染的人是你的家人和朋友、同事或邻居，以及你花很多时间在一起的人。
When Covid brought the world to a halt, the average patient infected 2-3 people. An active TB patient infects 5 -15 people in a year.
当新冠让世界陷入停顿时，平均每个患者感染了2-3人。一名活跃的结核病患者每年可感染5-15人。
Most people catch it via breathing in tiny droplets from a cough or sneeze.
大多数人通过咳嗽或打喷嚏时吸入微小飞沫而感染。
This is especially common in crowded, poorly ventilated housing or workplaces. Which is why TB exploded during the Industrial Revolution.
这在拥挤、通风不良的住房或工作场所尤其常见。这就是结核病在工业革命期间爆发的原因。
And indeed wherever we see new unplanned and overcrowded urbanization, from Lagos to St.Petersburg, we tend to see a rise of the White Death alongside it.
事实上，从拉各斯到圣彼得堡，无论我们看到哪里出现了新的无计划和过度拥挤的城市化，白死病往往都会随之而来。
Today most cases of active Tuberculosis – the version that spreads the disease further – can be cured with a four-month regimen of four different antibiotics.
如今，大多数活跃的结核病病例（使疾病进一步传播的结核病）都可以通过四个月的四种不同抗生素治疗来治愈。
But if that's the case… How is this still the deadliest infectious disease on earth?
但如果是这样的话……这怎么仍然是地球上最致命的传染病？
Between 1940 and 1965, humans developed several drugs to fight TB, finally making it curable. It was a true achievement of human ingenuity.
1940年至1965年间，人类开发了几种药物来对抗结核病，最终使结核病可以治愈。这是人类智慧的真正成就。
But we didn't do a great job of distributing the cure. While Tuberculosis is almost extinct in much of Europe, the US and the Middle East, it is still a very real threat in most of the world.
但我们在分发治疗药物方面做得并不好。虽然结核病在欧洲、美国和中东的大部分地区几乎已经绝迹，但它仍然是世界上大多数地区非常现实的威胁。
TB kills people primarily in Africa, South America and Asia. In 2022 two thirds of all TB cases were in just six countries: India, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan and Nigeria.
结核病主要在非洲、南美洲和亚洲夺去人们的生命。2022年，三分之二的结核病病例仅发生在六个国家：印度、中国、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、巴基斯坦和尼日利亚。
Almost half of all Tuberculosis deaths happened in South East Asia.
几乎一半的结核病死亡发生在东南亚。
But as it is a slow problem like climate change, it was ignored instead of fought aggressively, which enabled more and more strains of TB to develop antibiotic resistance.
但由于它是一个像气候变化一样缓慢的问题，因此人们忽视了它，而不是积极对抗它，这使得越来越多的结核病菌株产生了抗生素耐药性。
Which is a problem because we kinda stopped making new drugs. In the first twentyfive years of the antibiotic era, we developed eight different classes of drugs to treat TB.
这是一个问题，因为我们有点停止制造新药。在抗生素时代的前25年里，我们研发了八种不同类型的药物来治疗结核病。
And then, in the 47 years between 1965 and 2012, we developed none.
然后，在1965年至2012年的47年间，我们什么也没研发出来。
Developing new drugs is extremely expensive and there was no concentrated effort to eradicate TB, and there simply wasn't enough profit incentive.
研发新药的成本极其昂贵，而且没有集中精力根除结核病，而且根本没有足够的利润激励。
There is a vaccine, but it's over 100 years old and not particularly effective.
有一种疫苗，但它已经有100多年的历史了，而且效果并不特别好。
But beginning in 2012, we did finally develop two new classes of drugs that treat TB, and we may finally be at an inflection point again, as better vaccines are on the horizon.
但从2012年开始，我们终于研发出了两类治疗结核病的新药，随着更好的疫苗即将问世，我们可能终于又迎来了转折点。
Companies that made Covid tests also developed a quick test for TB.
制造新冠检测的公司还研发了一种快速的结核病检测。
So, we now have a real opportunity to push this disease back until it dies forever. But only if we get enough people to know about TB – like you do now – and to care about it.
所以，我们现在有真正的机会将这种疾病推向极致，直到它永远消失。但前提是我们让足够多的人了解结核病——就像你们现在一样——并关心它。
A century ago in the United States, there were almost as many hospital beds for TB patients as for treating all other illnesses and injuries combined.
一个世纪前，在美国，结核病患者的病床数量几乎与治疗所有其他疾病和伤害的病床数量总和一样多。
The White Death was a leading cause of death in the US and then one day it just wasn't anymore. And we can do this again.
白死病是美国的主要死亡原因，然后有一天它就不再是了。我们可以再次做到这一点。
4,000 people died of tuberculosis yesterday, and we simply don't have to accept a world where so many of us still die of a disease we know how to cure.
昨天有4000人死于结核病，我们根本不必接受这样一个世界，我们中仍然有这么多人死于我们知道如何治愈的疾病。
The White Death has been with us for millions of years. It is time to continue our journey without it.
白死病已经伴随我们数百万年了。是时候在没有它的情况下继续我们的旅程了。
If you want to learn more about tuberculosis and the folks working to fight it through clinical trials and care delivery and also learn how you can help, check out the organization Partners in Health at pih.Org/programs/tuberculosis.
如果您想了解更多有关结核病以及通过临床试验和护理服务与结核病作斗争的人们的信息，并了解如何提供帮助，请访问pih.Org/programs/tuberculosis上的“健康伙伴”组织。
We've put a link in the description for you. Also, if this wasn't enough TB for you, there's a Crash Course Lecture on the history and presence of TB.
我们在描述中为您添加了一个链接。此外，如果这对您来说还不够了解结核病，还有一个关于结核病历史和存在的速成课程讲座。
We'll include a link to that as well. Steve, I'll see you on Fri.... no! This isn't Vlogbrothers...soon. I'll see you soon, Steve.
我们也会提供一个链接。史蒂夫，周五见……不！这不是Vlogbrothers……史蒂夫，很快会再见。
