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But the key difference is that we think about agricultural products as starting with the plant.
但关键的区别在于，我们认为农产品来自于植物。
So, wines are starting with the grape and the way that wines were traditionally made, and the way that my grandfather, for example, made wines is that he would try to make wines that were as clean and pure of an expression of that grape and the land in which the grape was grown.
因此，葡萄酒来自于葡萄，以及传统的葡萄酒酿造方式，例如，我祖父酿造葡萄酒的方式是，他会尝试酿造出尽可能纯净的葡萄酒，作为葡萄和葡萄生长的土地的表达。
Industrial products don’t start with the grape. A lot of these commercial wineries will start creating their wine by thinking about what is it that the customer wants?
工业产品并不是从葡萄开始的。许多商业红酒厂在开始酿造葡萄酒时，会考虑顾客想要什么。
So, we know that people have a preference for Chardonnays that reach a particular level of acidity, a particular level of sweetness, a particular level of oakiness, a particular alcoholic content. If it’s a red wine, certain kinds of tannins.
所以，我们知道人们对霞多丽的偏好是达到一定酸度，一定甜度，一定橡木味，一定酒精含量的夏敦埃酒。如果是红酒，则是达到某些种类的单宁酸。
And we figure that out through consumer research, and then we start thinking about how can we manipulate grapes that we’ve grown often in different parts of a country or even different parts of the world in order to create that taste.
我们通过消费者研究来找出答案，然后我们开始思考如何通过加工我们在一个国家的不同地区甚至是世界不同地区种植的葡萄，来创造出这种口味。
So, the difference between this industrial versus agricultural wine making is really the starting point. Is it consumer tastes or is it the grape?
因此，这种工业酿造葡萄酒和农业酿造葡萄酒之间的区别实际上是起点。是消费者的口味还是葡萄本身？
So, that’s a really interesting point though, because the natural… I guess I’m guessing now.
所以，这确实是一个非常有趣的观点，因为自然……我想我现在是在猜测。
The natural winemaker would say, you get what I grow.
自然酿酒师会说，我种植了什么，你就得到了什么。
I mean, this is your only option, and the natural wine consumer must say, I’m open to whatever you’ve got. I’m not going to limit my options. That’s right.
我的意思是，这是你唯一的选择，而天然葡萄酒消费者必须说，我对你所拥有的一切都持开放态度。我不会限制我的选择。没错。
And that’s actually one of the big criticisms that’s levied against natural wine is that it is often quite unpredictable.
而这实际上是针对天然葡萄酒的重大批评之一，即它往往相当难以预测。
Because year-on-year, the grapes can produce very different wines and even different bottles can taste very different. Interesting. Okay.
因为每年，葡萄都能酿造出非常不同的葡萄酒，甚至不同的瓶子里装的葡萄酒味道也会非常不同。很有趣。好的。
And so the fundamental difference here is that natural wine making, they don’t introduce any sulfites or yeast or any other ingredients into the process. Yes. So, this is also something that’s contested.
这里的根本区别在于，天然葡萄酒酿造过程中不会添加任何亚硫酸盐、酵母或其他成分。是的，这也是有争议的地方。
What does natural wine making actually mean? At minimum, most would agree that natural wine is low intervention.
什么是天然葡萄酒酿造？至少，大多数人会同意，天然葡萄酒是低干预的。
And so what that means is that the winemaker really tries to add as little as possible to the naturally occurring process of wine making and subtract as little as possible.
这意味着酿酒师实际上是在尽量少地干预自然的葡萄酒酿造过程，并尽量少地减去一些东西。
So, something that most people don’t know is wine bottles don’t contain labels.
那么，大多数人不知道的是，葡萄酒瓶上是没有标签的。
And so probably the assumption that you had, Brian, before reading this case was, well, there’s probably grapes and I don’t know, maybe some yeast that got fermentation going. I had heard of sulfites before.
因此，布莱恩，在阅读这个案例之前，你的假设可能是，这里可能有葡萄，我不知道，也许有酵母在发酵。 我以前听说过亚硫酸盐。
Yeah. Because my wife claims that they give her a headache, but now I can go to her and say, that may not be true. So, I want to get into that.
是的。因为我妻子声称它们让她头疼，但现在我可以去对她说，那可能不是真的。所以，我想深入了解一下。
It may not be true, but it turns out that the FDA has approved more than 60 additives that winemakers can add to the wine that they make.
这可能不是真的，但事实证明，美国食品药品监督管理局已经批准了60多种添加剂，酿酒商可以将这些添加剂添加到他们生产的葡萄酒中。
And these include things that stabilize wine like sulfites, but they also include things like oak chips that bring up that oak flavor that we discussed, things that can be used to achieve a particular color or clarity, including egg whites or collagen.
这些包括稳定葡萄酒的物质，如亚硫酸盐，但它们也包括带来我们讨论过的橡木味道的橡木片，可以用来实现特定颜色或澄清度的物质，包括蛋清或胶原蛋白。
