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In 2020, Virginia Martin lived two and a half miles from her office.
2020年，弗吉尼亚·马丁住在离她办公室2.5英里的地方。
Today, the distance between her work and home is 156.
如今，她的办公室和家之间的距离是156英里。
Ms. Martin, 37, used to live in Durham, N.C., and drove about 10 minutes to her job as a librarian at Duke.
37岁的马丁过去住在北卡罗来纳州的达勒姆，开车大约10分钟就能到杜克大学，她在这里当图书管理员。
After the onset of remote work, Ms. Martin got her boss’s blessing to return to her hometown, Richmond, Va., in March 2022, so she could raise her two young children with help from family.
在远程办公兴起后，马丁得到了老板的批准，在2022年3月回到家乡弗吉尼亚州里士满，以便在家人的帮助下抚养两个年幼的孩子。
As an ’80s-born “child of AIM,” Ms. Martin said of AOL instant messaging, it hadn’t been hard for her to maintain co-worker friendships online.
作为一个在80年代出生的“用AIM的孩子”（她提到AOL公司的这个即时通讯软件），对她来说，在网上维持同事友谊并不难。
She drives back to the office several times a year for events, most recently for the December holiday party.
她每年开车回办公室参加几次活动，最近一次是参加12月的假日派对。
Ms. Martin is part of today’s growing ZIP code shift:
马丁是当今日益增长的“邮编转变趋势”的一个例子：
She is one of the millions of Americans who, thanks to remote and hybrid work, no longer lives close to where she works.
她是由于远程办公和混合办公的兴起，而不再住在离工作地点很近的地方的数百万美国人之一。
Many Americans now live roughly twice as far from their offices as they did prepandemic.
许多美国人现在住的地方离办公室的距离大约是疫情前的两倍。
That’s according to a new study, set to be released this week, from economists at Stanford and Gusto, a payroll provider, using data from Gusto.
这一结论来自斯坦福大学和薪资服务提供商Gusto的经济学家利用Gusto的数据得出的一项新研究（该研究将于本周发布）。
The economists studied employee and employer address data from nearly 6,000 employers across the country and found that the average distance between people’s homes and workplaces rose to 27 miles in 2023 from 10 miles in 2019, more than doubling.
经济学家研究了全国近6000家雇主的员工地址和雇主地址数据，发现2023年人们的住所和工作场所之间的平均距离从2019年的10英里增加到27英里，增加了一倍多。
The share of people who live 50 or more miles from where they work rose sevenfold during the pandemic, climbing to 5.5 percent in 2023 from 0.8 percent in 2019.
在疫情期间，居住在距离工作地点50英里或更远的人的比例增加到原来的七倍，从2019年的0.8%攀升至2023年的5.5%。
These trends have proved resilient even as employees return to the office, according to the researchers.
据研究人员称，事实证明，即使员工现在回到办公室工作，这些趋势也没有变弱。
This phenomenon — expanding the distance between work and home — has been driven primarily by white-collar workers whose jobs can be done remotely, according to the study.
根据研究，这种现象（住得离工作地点越来越远）主要是由工作可以远程进行的白领推动的。
It is one largely concentrated among people who earn more than $100,000 and work in jobs like tech, finance, law, marketing and accounting.
这一群体主要集中在收入超过10万美元，从事科技、金融、法律、营销和会计等工作的人。
Workers who earn under $50,000 a year, and those who work in jobs that cannot be done remotely like retail, health care and manufacturing (the majority of the work force), have barely budged in their average distance from work.
年收入低于5万美元的人，以及那些无法远程完成的工作，比如从事零售、医疗保健和制造业(占劳动力的大部分)的人，他们的住所与工作地点的平均距离几乎没有变化。
The workers moving away from city centers are often people in their 30s and 40s, who have young children and may want larger homes, rather than those in their 20s and 60s.
搬离市中心的工作者通常是三四十岁的人（他们有年幼的孩子，可能想要更大的房子）而不是二十多岁或六十多岁的人。
The group also includes a significant number of workers who were newly hired during the pandemic — which means employers most likely expanded their hiring radius as they embraced hybrid work.
这一群体还包括在疫情期间新聘用的相当数量的员工，这意味着雇主很可能接受了混合办公制，从而扩大了招聘范围。
