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The health system is also relying more on community and voluntary networks.
卫生系统也更多地依赖于社区和志愿网络。
In the 1930s contributory schemes run by working people funded convalescent homes, surgical equipment and dental care.
在20世纪30年代，由劳动人民经营的缴费计划资助了疗养院、外科设备和牙科护理。
Today on Teesside, stroke rehabilitation and speech therapy are informally carried out by volunteers with ties to local working men’s clubs.
如今，在提赛德，中风康复和语言治疗由与当地工人俱乐部有联系的志愿者非正式地进行。
In Brent, one of London’s poorest boroughs, a mosque has recently converted its annex into a health centre that conducts cancer screenings and diabetes checks.
在伦敦最贫穷的地区之一布伦特，一座清真寺最近将其附属建筑改造成了一个进行癌症筛查和糖尿病检查的健康中心。
Community projects which take a preventive approach to health are back in vogue.
采取预防性保健方法的社区项目重新流行起来。
The Pioneer Health Centre, better known as the “Peckham Experiment”, was a membership club in south-east London in the interwar years which promoted community, exercise and nutritious food.
先锋健康中心，更广为人知的名字是“佩卡姆实验”，是两次世界大战期间伦敦东南部的一家会员俱乐部，它提倡社区、锻炼和营养食品。
It was shut by the NHS in 1950 because the scheme was not focused on the treatment of disease and was not open to all (families paid a small fee).
该计划于1950年被国民保健制度关闭，因为该计划不注重疾病治疗，也不向所有人开放(家庭支付了少量费用)。
Now the NHS increasingly embraces programmes to keep people healthy and out of hospital.
现在，国民健康保险制度越来越多地采用使人们保持健康和远离医院的方案。
In Greater Manchester HMR Circle, a paid membership club for the over-50s, is funded by the NHS to combat loneliness, a problem linked to serious health conditions.
在大曼彻斯特，HMR圈是一个服务50岁以上客户的付费会员俱乐部，由英国医保资助，旨在对抗孤独，这是一个与严重健康状况有关的问题。
A much uglier similarity to the pre-NHS system is that more people are going without treatment.
与之前的英国医保体系相比，更丑陋的相似之处在于，更多的人没有得到治疗。
Eight in ten children are unable to register with an NHS dentist.
十分之八的孩子无法在英国医保牙医那里注册。
A private knee-replacement procedure would cost a worker earning the median wage five months’ salary; for most people, the only option is to wait.
一个私人的膝关节置换手术将花费一个工资中位数的工人五个月的工资; 对大多数人来说，唯一的选择就是等待。
Life is, of course, much better for the vast majority of Britons than it was before the NHS.
当然，对于绝大多数英国人来说，生活比有英国医保之前好得多。
In November patients made 2.2m visits to a&e and 31m to general practitioners, as Britain’s family doctors are known.
11月，到急诊室就诊的病人达到220万人次，到全科医生就诊的病人达到3100万人次，全科医生是英国著名的家庭医生。
It is still a point of pride to most Britons that they can do so without having to worry about a medical bill.
对于大多数英国人来说，他们可以这样做而不必担心医疗账单，这仍然是一件值得骄傲的事情。
Yet the NHS treatment backlog is predicted to take at least a decade to clear fully.
然而，英国医保的治疗积压预计至少需要十年才能完全清除。
The need for community-based health is more and more apparent.
以社区为基础的保健需求越来越明显。
And new health-care habits are forming among wealthier and younger Britons.
新的医疗保健习惯正在富裕和年轻的英国人中形成。
It’s not the 1930s again.
现在不是1930年代了。
But the echoes of the past are getting louder.
但过去的回声越来越响亮。
