了解今日课堂：

Dialogue:

Another epidemic?

dialogue 1

Jingjing: Mark, do you think we'll face______?

Mark: What now?　COVID isn't even over yet, and you're ______something new?　I'm______.

Jingjing: It's not like I'm______ it.　I just wanted to______.

Mark: Well, the other pandemics that come to mind are the ______, ______, and the ______.　Those ______ over four centuries.

Jingjing: Right.　Most people ______.

Mark: It's a pity for people who lived______, though.　Weren't there ______?

Jingjing: There were_____, if you ______ that started in the 1960s and still has cases ______ in Haiti.

Mark: So, that's______.　What about the black plague?

Jingjing: I remember the year ______.　That______300 years.

Mark: I remember we talked about a city—______—that held out until the plague was almost gone from Europe and then ______.

Jingjing: Right.　Luckily, the plague and cholera are each pretty easy to______.　With the black plague, humankind ______ that most cases affected the digestive system.

Mark: Bubonic plague, yes.　The other two ways to get sick were ______, right?

Jingjing: That's right.　And those other two types of infection together______ less than ______.

Mark: That could______.

Jingjing: Anyway, the plague and cholera______keeping things clean.

Mark: What about ______?

Jingjing: That all ______ two to three years, and ______ tens of millions of people.

Mark: Jeez, that's a lot of ways ______ since______.

dialogue 2

Jingjing: Mark, how would you describe ______?

Mark: A______?

Jingjing: ______.

Mark: Just checking.　Well, there's ______or virus that typically lives in animals.　Somehow, people ______, and it spreads.

Jingjing: When that happens, it's ______.　Now, how about when______?

Mark: That's easy: the disease ______where it began, and______.

Jingjing: Did you know that there are ______ that______ and birds?

Mark: A million different types?

Jingjing: That's right.　Scientists ______—just as a number of viruses that those animals have which still ______.

Mark: Well, then, it's ______.

Jingjing: Scientists and officials have had to work tirelessly to prevent avian flu from______.　Of those 1.7 million different viruses I mentioned, ______could infect humans pretty easily.

Mark: What would be really scary is______.

Jingjing: You mean ______ at the same time?

Mark: It seems like ______.

Jingjing: It could, although it'd be about ______.　Anyway, scientists______ with virtual pandemics, and found ______being a pandemic year somewhere between 0.5% and 3.3%.

Mark: Well, then, each teenager today______ in their lifetime.

Jingjing: Virtual pandemics are interesting, because you can look at ______.

Mark: You mean ______?

Jingjing: Of course not, silly!　I mean, with ______and without it, with ______and without them.

Mark: Those technologies will hopefully ______.

Jingjing: I hope so.　At most,______ without a pandemic______10,000 or more people.

Mark: Meanwhile,______ between Spanish flu and COVID.　Let's ______.

new words and phrases

black plague

cholera

Spanish flu

basic care

luck out

pandemic

epidemic

bacterium

spillover event

double whammy