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The word chocolate originated in Mesoamerica.
巧克力一词起源于中美洲。
Like the Aztecs and Maya, the Pipil people of what-is-today El Salvador brewed drinks from cacao beans, and they called these beverages chocolatl.
像阿兹特克人和玛雅人一样，皮皮尔人，也就是现在的萨尔瓦多人，用可可豆酿造饮料，他们称这种饮料为巧克力（chocolatl）。
It's thought that when the first Spaniards to visit the region heard the word, they basically kept it.
人们认为，第一批到访该地区的西班牙人听到这个词后，就基本上原样保留了这个词。
The name still persists today, largely unchanged from its original language.
巧克力这个名字流传至今，与它最初的叫法基本没有区别。
A number of European explorers, from Christopher Columbus to Hernan Cortes have been credited with bringing chocolate back home after traveling to the Americas.
许多欧洲探险家，包括去往美洲旅行的克里斯托弗·哥伦布和赫尔南·科尔特斯，都被认为是将巧克力带回本国的功臣。
But the first chocolate to land in Europe may not have come from a famous explorer at all.
但巧克力第一次来到欧洲可能根本不是通过这些著名的探险家。
Some historians say Spanish missionaries were instrumental in getting cacao across the Atlantic.
一些历史学家认为，西班牙传教士在让可可豆横渡大西洋的过程中发挥了重要作用。
Upon returning from an overseas trip, Catholic friars presented a group of Maya dignitaries to the court of Prince Philip in 1544.
1544年，天主教修士从海外旅行回来后，为菲利普亲王引见了一群来自玛雅的政要。
The Maya brought with them gifts from the New World, including...
玛雅人带来了来自新大陆的礼物，包括……
You guessed it: The Sports Illustrated Football Phone.
你猜对了：《体育画报》杂志制作的橄榄球电话。
Just kidding.
开个玩笑而已。
Chocolate.
是可可。
This offering marks the first recorded evidence of chocolate in Spain.
这是可可饮料第一次出现在西班牙的字面证据。
Soon enough, chocolate spread to the rest of Europe, where it underwent its next big transformation.
很快，可可就传播到了欧洲其他国家，并经历了又一次重大变革。
The drink was too bitter for European palates, so people started adding more sweeteners to the mix.
这种饮料对欧洲人来说太苦了，所以人们开始在可可中混入更多的甜味剂。
Different countries added their own spices - the Spanish liked cinnamon and vanilla in their chocolate, while the French flavored their chocolate with cloves.
不同国家的人会添加自己喜爱的香料——西班牙人喜欢在可可中加入肉桂和香草，而法国人则喜欢加入丁香。
In Europe, as in Mesoamerica, chocolate was mostly enjoyed by the upper classes.
和中美洲一样，在欧洲，可可主要是上层阶级的饮品。
In 17th century Britain, a pound of chocolate cost 15 shillings, which was about 10 days worth of wages for a skilled tradesman.
在17世纪的英国，一磅可可饮料原材料的价格是15先令，这大约相当于一个熟练商人10天的工资。
In 1657, London opened its first chocolate house, a place where men could gather to gamble, do business, and discuss politics over a nice cup of cocoa.
1657年，伦敦开设了第一家可可屋，人们可以在这里聚在一起赌博、做生意、讨论政治，喝一杯美味的可可。
Chocolate was already a global success story by the 19th century, but it might never have become the nearly ubiquitous treat we know today if it wasn't for a Dutch chemist named Coenraad Johannes van Houten.
到19世纪，可可已经在全球取得了成功，但因为荷兰化学家科恩拉德·约翰尼斯·范·豪顿，巧克力才能成为我们今天所知的风靡全球的食物。
In 1828, he discovered that by removing some of the fat, or cocoa butter, from chocolate liquor and treating it with alkaline salt, he could turn the ingredient into a new kind of powder.
1828年，他发现去除可可浆中的部分脂肪，也就是可可脂，并用碱性盐对其进行处理，可以将这种成分转化为一种新的粉末。
Alkaline substances, as I explained in our ramen episode, are basically the opposite of acidic substances.
正如我在拉面那期节目中解释的那样，碱性物质基本上说与酸性物质相对。
Adding the alkaline salts to chocolate created a product that had a more mellow, earthier taste.
将碱性盐添加到巧克力中，可以创造出一种更醇厚、更朴实的味道。
If you see natural cocoa powder and Dutch process cocoa powder next to each other at the grocery store, know that the natural stuff will generally be more acidic than van Houten's “Dutch” version.
如果你在杂货店里看到天然可可粉和荷兰加工可可粉并排放在一起，要知道天然可可粉通常比范·豪顿的荷兰版可可粉更酸。
Dutch cocoa powder was easier to mix with water than ground-up beans, but the invention had implications far beyond that.
荷兰可可粉比磨碎的可可豆更容易与水混合，但这项创新的意义远远不止于此。
His work eventually helped give us the first modern chocolate bars.
有了这项创新，我们最终创造了第一块现代巧克力棒。
A British candy maker named J.S.S.Fry & Sons created solid chocolate in 1847 after mixing melted cocoa butter back into cocoa powder and letting it harden.
一家名为J.S.Fry&Sons的英国公司在1847年将融化的可可脂重新加入可可粉中并使其变硬后，创造了固体巧克力。
If you're not familiar with his company J.S.Fry & Sons, you've likely heard of Cadbury, which pioneered the heart-shaped chocolate box in the 1860s.
如果你不熟悉J.S.Fry&Sons，你可能听说过吉百利，它在19世纪60年代率先推出了心形盒装巧克力。
In the 1900s, the two companies worked together to import South American cacao beans to England, but The Cadburys eventually made a series of deals with farmers to cut their partner-rivals out of the supply chain.
在20世纪，这两家公司合作将南美可可豆进口到英国，但吉百利最终与农民达成了一系列交易，切断了与他们有竞争关系的合作伙伴的可可豆供应链。
This led to some good old fashioned Chocolate Beef.
并最终推出了美味的老式巧克力牛肉。
Which, I believe, now takes the top spot for most disgusting combination of words uttered on this show.
我认为，在这档节目最令人恶心的词语组合中，它现在位居榜首。
