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The world this week--Business
本周国际要闻--商业
The Federal Reserve raised its benchmark interest rate by another three-quarters of a percentage point, to a range of between 3% and 3.25%.
美国联邦储备委员会将基准利率再次上调0.75个百分点，区间为3%至3.25%。
It was the third consecutive such increase and came after figures showed that inflationary pressures are moving extensively beyond food, energy and goods to services prices, such as rent.
这是该国连续第三次加息，此前数据显示，通胀压力正从食品、能源和商品广泛蔓延至服务价格(如租金)。
The Fed now projects the rate to rise to at least 4.25% by the end of the year.
美联储目前预计，到今年年底，该利率至少将升至4.25%。
Jerome Powell, the central bank’s chairman, said “We have to get inflation behind us”, and that there was no painless way to do so.
美国央行主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔表示:“我们必须把通胀抛在脑后”，而且没有不痛的办法。
Other central banks also tightened monetary policy at an aggressive pace to battle inflation.
其他央行也以积极的步伐收紧货币政策，以对抗通胀。
The Bank of England lifted its benchmark rate by half a percentage point, to 2.25%, the highest it has been since 2008 (three members of the nine-person Monetary Policy Committee voted for a rise of three-quarters of a percentage point).
英格兰银行将基准利率上调了0.5个百分点，达到2.25%，这是自2008年以来的最高水平(货币政策委员会中的3名成员投票赞成上调0.75个百分点，共9名参与了投票)。
Swiss National Bank raised its key rate to 0.5% from -0.25%, ending seven years of negative rates.
瑞士央行将基准利率从-0.25%上调至0.5%，结束了长达7年的负利率。
Sweden’s Riksbank, a laggard compared with most of its contemporaries, lifted its main policy rate by one percentage point, to 1.75%, the biggest increase in three decades.
与大多数银行相比，瑞典央行表现落后，该行将主要政策利率提高了一个百分点，达到1.75%，这是三十年来的最大增幅。
Bucking the trend the Bank of Japan maintained its ultralow rate.
与此相反，日本央行维持了超低利率。
That caused the yen to slide further against the dollar, prompting Japan to intervene in foreign-exchange markets to shore up the currency for the first time since 1998.
这导致日元对美元进一步下跌，促使日本自1998年以来首次干预外汇市场以支撑日元。
Before the intervention the yen had fallen by 20% against the dollar this year.
在实施干预之前，日元兑美元今年已经下跌了20%。
The German government nationalised Uniper, Germany’s biggest gas importer, to prevent it from collapsing.
德国政府将德国最大的天然气进口商Uniper收归国有，以防止其关门歇业。
Uniper had been forced to turn to the more expensive spot market when Russia curtailed its gas supplies, leading to huge losses.
在俄罗斯削减天然气供应后，Uniper被迫转向更昂贵的现货交易市场，导致巨额亏损。
The German government also took control of three refineries operated by Rosneft, Russia’s biggest oil company, to secure Germany’s energy supply ahead of an EU embargo on Russian oil.
德国政府还控制了俄罗斯最大的石油公司Rosneft运营的三家炼油厂，以在欧盟对俄罗斯石油实施禁运之前确保德国的能源供应。
In Britain the government introduced a scheme that will cut energy bills for businesses by around half over the winter by capping the wholesale price of electricity and gas, an extension of the huge financial support it had earlier promised for households.
在英国，政府推出了一项计划，通过限制电力和天然气的批发价格，将在冬季为企业削减大约一半的能源账单，这是政府早些时候承诺给家庭提供巨额财政支持的延伸部分。
Many firms risk going bankrupt because of soaring energy costs.
由于能源价格飙升，许多公司面临破产的风险。
Volkswagen announced that shares in Porsche will debut on the Frankfurt stock exchange on September 29th.
大众宣布保时捷的股票将于9月29日在法兰克福证券交易所上市。
Only a small portion of the shares being offered by VW, Porsche’s owner, will be available to the public.
保时捷的所有者大众所发行的股份中，只有一小部分将向公众开放。
Still, the IPO could value Porsche at up to 75bn euros ($74bn).
尽管如此，保时捷的IPO估值可能高达750亿欧元(740亿美元)。
