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There's also muscle memory.
还有肌肉记忆。
Muscle memory is similarly stable over time.
肌肉记忆也同样随着时间的推移而稳定。
It's a little bit of a misnomer.
这种说法其实有点错误。
Muscle memory doesn't live in your muscles.
肌肉记忆并不存在于你的肌肉里。
This actually lives in a part of your brain called the motor cortex.
它实际上是存在你大脑中的一部分，称为运动皮层。
That part of your brain tells all of the voluntary muscles in your body what to do.
你大脑的这一部分告诉你身体中所有的随便肌该怎么做。
Muscle memory is the memorized choreography, the procedure for how to do things, how to brush your teeth how to swing a golf club, how to eat an ice cream cone.
肌肉记忆是记忆中的编排，是如何做事情的程序，如何刷牙，如何挥动高尔夫球杆，如何吃一个冰淇淋甜筒。
This is where the expression "just like riding a bike comes in", right?
这就是 "就像骑自行车一样 "这一说法的由来，对吗？
You can not ride a bike for decades and then get back on the bike and your brain will remember the choreography.
你可以几十年不骑自行车，等你再次骑自行车的时候，你的大脑会记住这些编排。
You'll get on the bike and ride.
你会上车，然后骑行。
Episodic memory is a little different.
偶发记忆则有点不同。
This is your memory for the stuff that happened. This is the story of your life.
这是你对所发生的事情的记忆。这是你的生活故事。
This is, "oh, remember when." That that's a little strange.
这是，"哦，记得什么时候"。 有点奇怪。
It turns out that every time we recall a memory for something that happened, we have the opportunity to change it.
事实证明，每当我们回忆起对所发生的事情的记忆时，我们就有机会改变它。
Often not consciously. We might add a detail. We might leave a detail out.
这种改变通常是不自觉的。我们可能会增加或遗漏一个细节。
If somebody else experienced the same event, they might add some information that we agree with.
如果其他人经历了同样的事件，他们可能会添加一些我们认同的信息。
And so we'll add that to our memory.
于是我们就会把它添加到我们的记忆中。
We're also as human beings, natural born storytellers.
作为人类，我们也是天生就会讲故事的人。
So if there are pieces of information missing in my story or if there's a way I could embellish and make the story better, give it a nice beginning, middle and end, I might supply that, not knowing that I'm consciously lying.
因此，如果我的故事中缺少一些信息，或者如果我有办法美化并使故事变得更好，给它一个漂亮的开头、中间和结尾，我可能会提供这些信息，却意识不到自己在有意识地撒谎。
I'm just providing information that makes sense, to tell you the story of what happened.
我只是提供有意义的信息，告诉你所发生的故事。
Here's the weird thing that happens, if we've revised the memory in any way whatsoever, when we recall it, we store this version, this 2.0 version of the memory, over the old version in our brain.
奇怪的是，如果我们以任何方式修改了记忆，当我们回忆它的时候，会在大脑中储存这个版本，这个2.0版本的记忆，而不是旧版本。
It's like hitting save in Microsoft Word.
这就像在Microsoft Word中点击保存一样。
So you can imagine that with each retelling, the memory for what happened has the possibility of drifting further and further away from what you stored his memory to begin with.
所以你可以想象，随着每一次的复述，对所发生的事情的记忆有可能与你开始时存储的记忆越来越远。
There's another kind of memory called prospective memory.
还有另一种记忆，叫做前瞻记忆。
This is your memory for your future you.
这是你对未来的你的记忆。
This is your brain's to-do list.
这是你大脑中的待办事项清单。
Pick up the dry cleaning, pay the bills, oh, I need to remember to call my mother later.
去拿干洗的衣服，支付账单，哦，还得记住待会儿给母亲打电话。
And our brains are not designed to do this.
而我们的大脑不是被设计来做这个的。
Prospective memory is fraught with failure.
前瞻性记忆充满了失败。
Unless the proper cue is there and available for you to notice at the right time, in the right place, you will forget to do this.
除非在正确的时间和地点有适当的提示供你注意，否则你会忘记做这件事。
And so the more that we understand about the biology of memory, the science of memory, the more we can develop a better relationship with it.
因此，我们对记忆的生物学、记忆的科学了解得越多，就越能与它建立更好的关系。
Your identity is so closely tied to your ability to remember.
你的身份与你的记忆能力密不可分。
If someone meets you, the first question people often ask is, "what do you do?" "Where are you from?" "Tell me about your family."
如果有人见到你，人们经常问的第一个问题是，"你是做什么的？" "你来自哪里？" "你的家庭情况怎样"。
The answers to all of those questions, rely on memory.
这些问题的答案，都依赖于记忆。
Your ability to remember what happened, the story of your life, is really who we say we are.
你对所发生的事情的记忆能力，你生活中的故事，就是我们真正的自己。
