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This is a film about Stoicism and why you need more of it in your life - because,
这是一部有关于斯多葛主义以及你为何需要他的影片，
as people seldom tell you, but we will, quietly...
人们很少论及此，但我们会平静地告诉你，
Stoicism was a philosophy that flourished for 480 years in Ancient Greece and Rome,
斯多葛主义在古希腊与古罗马时盛行480多年
and was popular with everyone from slaves to the aristocracy: because -
它流行于大众，从奴隶到贵族皆无例外。
unlike so much philosophy, it was helpful, helpful when we panic, want to give up, despair and rage at existence.
但与其他哲学不同的是，它在我们面对恐慌、想放弃、绝望或对生活愤怒时会有所帮助。
We still honour this philosophy whenever we think of someone as brave and - without perhaps
时至今日，我们依然尊崇这哲学，每当某人让人认为勇敢且不为其他理由，
quite knowing why - call them ‘stoic’
便称这些人为"斯多葛学派”
There are two great philosophers of Stoicism.
斯多葛派有两个伟大的哲学家。
The first is the Roman writer and tutor to Nero, Seneca. He lived between AD 4 and AD 65
其中一个是罗马作家，同时也是尼禄皇帝的老师─塞涅卡。他生于西元4年~65年
That's right, 'tutor to Nero'. The infamous dictator who slept with his own mother, rapedyoung boys and,
你想的没错，“尼禄的老师"，这位尼禄就是臭名昭著、与母亲同枕、强暴年轻男孩的独裁者
just because he felt like it, asked his old tutor - Seneca - to commit suicide in front of his own family.
并要求年老的教师塞涅卡，在家人前自杀。
And our other guide to Stoicism is the kind and magnanimous Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (AD 121 to 180), who was forced to
另一位斯多葛学派的导师，是和蔼与宽宏的罗马帝国皇帝─ 马库斯·奥里略(AD 121~180)
spend most of his reign on the edges of the Empire, fighting off invincible Germanic hordes,
他大多数统治时期，都被迫面对遍布帝国边境，且难以战胜的日耳曼民族，
but found time to write one of the greatest works of philosophy, the Meditations in his tent at night.
但他在军营中，依然在晚上拨出时间写出《沉思录(the Meditations)》
There are two problems stoicism can help us with in particular.
哲学上的伟大巨作有两个问题，斯多葛学派特别可以帮助我们，
The first is Anxiety.
首先是焦虑。
When you're feeling anxious about something, most people are maddening.
当你对某事感到焦虑，大多数人会感到烦闷。
They believe it is their duty to 'cheer you up'.
他们相信激励你是必要的职责。
However intelligent they might otherwise be, they say things like:
然而除非他们聪明过人，否则他们只会说出类似这样的话：
IT'LL BE OK, DON'T WORRY even CHEER UP
事情会好起来的，别担心。振作起来！
The stoics were appalled. They hated any kind of consolation that aims to give the listener HOPE.
斯多葛主义者对此感到震惊。他们痛恨任何给与听者安慰的──希望
Hope is the opium of the emotions and must be stamped out conclusively for a person to stand any chance of inner peace.
希望是情绪的鸦片 且会绝对地踩熄一个人平静内心的任何机会
Because hope only lifts one higher for the eventual fall.
因为希望只能让你飞得更高，却跌得更重。
The Stoics advised us to take a different path.
斯多葛学派建议我们採取不同的方式。
To be calm, one has to tell oneself something very dark: It will be terrible!
一个人必须告诉自己，冷静，有些事非常黑暗、是可怕的！
I might have to go to prison. The lump really could be malign.
我可能要坐牢、肿瘤可能会变恶性、
I probably will be fired and humiliated. My friends almost certainly will succeed.
我也许会被解雇和羞辱、我的朋友几乎都是人生胜利组、
BUT, a huge consoling Stoic BUT, one must keep in mind that one will, nevertheless, be OK.
但斯多葛学派的安慰是，一个人必须时刻牢记...会好起来的
OK, because in the end, as Marcus Aurelius said: 'We are each of us stronger than we think'
会好起来，是因为最后如同马库斯‧奥勒留所说：“我们比我们想像的更加坚强”
Prison won't be fun, nor will losing one's job or being made a laughing stock... but one will get through it.
也许监狱没趣，但不会失去工作也许会变成他人的笑柄......但总会从其中获得什么。
Stoicism emboldens us against the worst fate can throw at us.
斯多葛学派鼓励我们，抵抗扑来的悲惨命运
And if you really really can't take it, suicide is always an option.
如果你真的，真的无法承受一切，自杀也是个选择。
The Stoics mentioned this repeatedly.
斯多葛学派反复提及这一点。
Here is Seneca: 'Can you no longer see a road to freedom?
塞涅卡说：“你如何看不到通往自由的道路？"
It's right in front of you. You need only turn over your wrists'.
"它就在你的面前。你只需翻过你的手腕"
To build up an impression of one's own resilience, the Stoics suggested one regularly rehearse worst-case scenarios.
为了建立起坚韧印象，斯多葛学派认为，要定期演练最坏的情况
For example, twice a year, one should take off one's smart clothes, get into some dirty rags,
例如每年两次，一个人应脱下他美丽的外衣，穿上又旧又髒的破布，
sleep on a rug in the kitchen floor and eat only stale bread and rainwater from an animal's bowl - and thereby make an amazing discovery.
睡在厨房的地板上、吃硬面包、用宠物的碗饮水，从而使一个人发觉惊讶的事实。
As Marcus Aurelius put it: ALMOST NOTHING MATERIAL IS NEEDED FOR A HAPPY LIFE
正如马库斯‧奥勒留说的那样：你不需用拥有很多，就能有快乐的生活，
FOR HE WHO HAS UNDERSTOOD EXISTENCE
就能明白自身的存在
Another subject of interest to the Stoics was ANGER
另一个斯多葛学派感兴趣的主题是愤怒
Romans were a bad tempered lot.
罗马人的脾气不大好，
The Stoics wanted to calm them down but they did so by an unusual route: by intellectual argument.
斯多葛学派想让自己平静下来，但他们以一种独特的方式实行，根据学者论证：
They proposed that getting angry isn't something you do by nature,
愤怒不是因为你做了什么事，
because you have a Latin temper or are somehow inherently hot blooded.
因为你有拉丁民族的性子，或你本质上就有热血的冲动。
It's the result of being stupid, of having the wrong ideas about life.
会产生这样的结果是因为愚蠢、或对生活有错误观念。
Anger stems when misplaced hope smashes into unforeseen reality.
愤怒的根源是，错置的希望在不可预见的现实中粉碎，
We don’t shout every time something bad happens to us, only when it is bad and UNEXPECTED
我们不会因为每次有坏事发生而怒吼，除非这件坏事出乎预料地发生在我们身上
For example, you'd never shout just because it started raining - even though rain can be horrible,
举例来说，你从来没有因为开始下雨了而尖叫，即使下雨可以是令人恐惧的，
because you've learnt to expect rain.
因为你已经学会预期到下雨。
The same should apply to everything.
这同样应适用于任何方面。
Don't only expect rain, expect betrayal, infamy, sadism, theft, humiliation, lust, greed, spite...
别只预期下雨，预期背叛，耻辱，虐待，盗窃，侮辱，慾望，贪婪、恶意.....
One will stop being so angry when one learns the true facts of the misery of life.
当一个人认知到生活苦难的真相，将会停止愤怒，
The wise person should aim to reach a state where simply nothing could suddenly disturb their peace of mind.
智者的目标，是达到没有什麽事能打扰内心平静的状态。
Every tragedy should already be priced in.
任何悲剧来临时无须大惊小怪
We're going to leave you with the most beautiful remark that Seneca made just as Nero's guards
最后，我们要留给你来自塞涅卡的最美注记。
were grabbing him and shoving him to a bathroom where he was meant to take a sharp knife and kill himself.
当尼禄皇帝的士兵为抓住他，将他推往浴室，要他拿一把锋利的刀自杀。
His wife Paulina and two children were panicking, weeping, clinging to his cloaks.
他的妻子保利娜和两个孩子惊慌失措地哭泣，并抱住他的斗篷。
But he turned to them, pulled a weary smile at them, and simply said:
但他转过身，拉起他们，并露出疲惫的笑容说：
WHAT NEED IS THERE TO WEEP OVER PARTS OF LIFE? THE WHOLE OF IT CALLS FOR TEARS.
何必为部分的生活而哭泣？君不见整个人生都是可歌可泣的。
We have much to learn from the Stoics.
斯多葛派许多地方值得我们借鉴。
