评论
打印
This is the largest protest in Poland since the fall of communism more than 30 years ago.
这是波兰自30多年前共产主义时代结束以来最大规模的抗议活动。
Hundreds of thousands are protesting, in cities across the country, because the party in power here is on the verge of eliminating a woman's right to an abortion.
数十万人在全国各城市举行抗议活动，因为执政党即将取消妇女堕胎的权利。
At the heart of these protests are young women: those who are the most threatened by the new ruling.
这些抗议活动的主力是年轻女性，她们是受到新规威胁最大的人。
But there are many, many others too.
但抗议者中还有其他群体。
And that's because these protesters aren't just concerned about the future of abortion rights in Poland.
这是因为这些抗议者不仅仅关心波兰堕胎权的将来。
They're worried about the future of the country itself.
他们还担心国家的将来。
In the late 1980s, Poland got rid of its decades-long communist regime.
20世纪80年代末，波兰摆脱了长达数十年的共产主义政权。
Soon, it became a thriving democracy, with a strong catholic identity.
很快，它成为了一个繁荣的天主教民主国家。
It also passed one of the strictest laws on abortion in all of Europe.
它还通过了全欧洲最严格的堕胎法之一。
Under the law, women were only allowed to have an abortion under three circumstances:
根据法律，妇女只有在三种情况下才可以堕胎：
if the pregnancy was a threat to the health of the mother, if it was the result of incest or rape, or if the fetus had severe and irreversible abnormalities.
怀孕对母亲的健康构成威胁、孩子是乱伦或强奸的结果、胎儿有严重和不可逆转的异常。
The law has remained this way for nearly 30 years.
近30年来，法律一直如此。
And today, it makes Poland an outlier in Europe, where virtually every other country allows abortions under a broad range of circumstances.
如今，这令波兰成为欧洲的异类——几乎所有欧洲国家都允许在各种情况下堕胎。
But some in Poland thought those strict laws still weren't enough.
但波兰的一些人认为这些严格的法律仍然不够。
In 2015, Poland elected the right-wing party Law and Justice into power.
2015年，波兰选举右翼政党“法律与公正党”上台执政。
Shortly after, the party leader said: "Even pregnancies ... when a child is sure to die ... should end with the mother giving birth so the child can be baptized, buried, and have a name."
不久，该党派领导人表示：“即使在怀孕的情况下……当一个孩子必死无疑时……应该以母亲分娩来结束，这样孩子就可以接受洗礼、埋葬，还会获得一个名字。”
Very close to the totalitarian way of thinking, as far as women's health, women's rights, and women's personhood is concerned.
就女性的健康、权利和人格而言，这与极权主义非常接近。
In 2016, the party backed legislation to eliminate all three legal paths to abortion.
2016年，该党派支持立法来取消堕胎的三条合法途径。
The legislation proposed imprisoning women seeking abortions, and doctors who performed them, for up to five years.
这项立法建议对寻求堕胎的妇女和实施堕胎手术的医生处以最高5年的监禁。
They would even investigate miscarriages.
他们甚至会对流产进行调查。
This is something that is incredible, you know? It really turns us back to the Middle Ages. The limitation of human rights went far too far.
这真是不可思议，你知道吗？它让我们回到了中世纪，对人权的限制实在是太过分了。
Thousands of women took to the streets, pushing back against the law, in what were called the Black Protests.
数千名女性走上街头反抗法律，这就是所谓的“黑人抗议”。
In the face of this opposition, the legislation was withdrawn.
面对这一反对意见，立法被撤回。
Poland would still have one of the strictest abortion laws in Europe, but not a total ban.
波兰的堕胎法仍然是欧洲最严格的堕胎法之一，但它并非完全禁止堕胎。
But instead of giving up on the abortion ban, Law and Justice started dismantling the country's ability to oppose one.
然而，法律与公正党并没有放弃堕胎禁令，而是开始削弱该国反对堕胎的能力。
In Poland's democracy, some legislation passed by Parliament is sent to the Constitutional Tribunal, to ensure it's consistent with the country's constitution.
在波兰的民主制度中，议会通过的一些立法被送交宪法法院，以确保其与国家宪法相一致。
This court has 15 judges, and it serves as the main check on the ruling party.
该法院有15名法官，是对执政党的主要检查。
It's supposed to function as an independent branch of the government.
它应该作为一个独立的政府部门来运作。
But upon taking power, Law and Justice started to erode that independence.
但一旦法律与公正党掌权，他们便开始侵蚀这种独立性。
They refused to swear in several judges who had been appointed by the previous government,
前任政府里有几位法官拒绝宣誓，
and replaced them with judges who would be loyal to them, including the Tribunal president, who has the ability to determine which judges hear what cases.
取而代之的是忠于他们的法官，包括有能力决定哪些法官审理哪些案件的法庭庭长。
And of the judges they have appointed legally, many are actually fellow politicians, further compromising the independence of the court.
在他们合法任命的法官中，许多实际上是政界同僚，这进一步损害了法院的独立性。
This has created a tribunal in which 14 of 15 judges are aligned with the ruling party.
在这样的法院内，15名法官中的14名都是与执政党结盟的。
And the legitimacy of several of them is widely disputed, both in Poland and internationally.
而其中几名的合法性在波兰国内和国际上都存在广泛争议。
This version of the court has never decided a case against the ruling party.
这一版本的法院从未对一个反对执政党的案件作出裁决。
The fact that this Constitutional Tribunal is acting on the behalf of the political party is just the opposite of what the Constitutional Tribunal should do.
这个宪法法院是代表政党行事，这与宪法法院应该做的恰恰相反。
