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London, London, London. Hi. James, from EngVid. Secret London. I was actually born here. Beautiful place. Love it.
伦敦，伦敦，伦敦。大家好，我是来自英格威学习网的詹姆斯。秘密伦敦。我其实是在这里出生的。美丽的地方。爱死它了。
Now, I want to teach you a lesson today on phrasal verbs.
现在，我想教你们一个短语动词。
We're going to work on five phrasal verbs. But this is specific.
我们将学习五个短语动词。但这个是特殊的。
These are business phrasal verbs, so if you're in business or you're learning about business, these terms will come up regularly.
这些都是商业动词短语，所以如果你在经商或学习商业知识，这些术语会经常出现。
Now, phrasal verbs and idioms in English are used, and you're expected to know them like that.
现在，英语中会用到短语动词和习语，你应该像那样了解它们。
So let's go to the board and see where's Mr.E. Mr.E wants to teach us something today about "off".
我们到黑板上看看E先生在哪里。E先生今天要教我们一些关于“off”的内容。
Well, the first thing we have to learn, specifically, "off" has about five meanings.
首先，我们要明确地知道，“off”有五种意思。
But today, we're going to concentrate on two.
但是今天，我们将集中讨论两个。
And all of these ones here are basically going to, you know, relate to those two meanings.
这里所有的这些词，基本上都和这两个意思有关。
"Off" either means to move away from something or to go down.
“Off”既可以指离开某物，也可以指下降。
All right? To make smaller or reduce in size.
好吧？使缩小或缩小尺寸。
And these phrasal verbs are used in business quite often.
这些动词短语在商务中经常使用。
If you know anything about what's happened in the last five years, you're going to go, "Oh, my gosh.
如果你对过去五年发生的事情有所了解，你会说，“哦，天哪。
That's what they were talking about." So let's talk about the first one, "take off".
他们就是这么说的。”让我们来谈谈第一个，“take off”。
If you're like me and you work a lot --I don't work a lot. Okay. I don't work lot. I'm being honest.
如果你像我一样，工作很多，我不怎么工作。老实说，我不怎么工作。
But sometimes, you need a vacation, and I take vacations. So you need to "take off".
但有时候，你需要休假，我就休假。所以你需要“休假”。
But in English, what we say in business, when you go to your boss, and you say, "Boss, I would like some time off."
但是在英语中，我们在商务中会说，当你去找你的老板，你会说，“老板，我想休息一段时间。”
They will say, "Would you like to take some time off?" Or you might say, "I want to take some time off in the summer.
他们会问：“你想休息一段时间吗？”或者你可以说，“我想在夏天休息一段时间。”
I want to take off a month." So you'll hear this phrase, "take off" "take off". And it means for vacation.
我想请一个月的假。”你会听到这个短语，“take off”。它的意思是度假。
But there's also another meaning, which is really, really good.
但是还有另一个意思，非常非常好的意思。
And this is -- remember; we're talking about "away from" when we're talking about "off" because of "take off".
这是——记住；当我们说“off”的时候，我们说的是“away from”，因为是“take off”。
You can see the airplane. The airplane takes off.
你可以看到飞机。飞机起飞了。
That's for your vacation because I know you're going somewhere sunny like Canada in January.
这是给你的假期的，因为我知道你一月份要去阳光明媚的地方，比如加拿大。
Anyway. Don't come here in January. It's not sunny; it's cold.
无论如何。一月份不要来这里。这里不是阳光明媚；天气很冷。
But another thing -- see how the airplane is taking off, so it means it's leaving? Airplanes go up.
但另一件事——看飞机是怎么起飞的，所以这意味着它要离开了？飞机上升。
When somebody goes up and things are going really well, they say, "My business is taking off." It means it's doing well.
当有人走上去，事情进展得很顺利时，他们会说，“我的生意成功了。”这意味着生意做得很好。
So your boss might say -- or he or she might say, "I really want this idea to take off because it will be good for the company."
所以你的老板可能会说——或者他或她可能会说，“我真的希望这个想法能够成功，因为它对公司有好处。”
It means they want the idea to be successful.
这意味着他们希望这个想法成功。
If something takes off, it's successful. "We started a new water brand, and it's taking off in Italy." They love it.
如果某件事“take off”，它就是成功了。“我们创立了一个新的水品牌，它正在意大利成功。”他们喜欢它。
Canadian water. Who knew? Okay? And it "took off". It means it's successful.
加拿大的水。谁知道呢？好吧？它“成功”了。这意味着它成功了。
It's doing really well. Now, let's look at another one.
它做得很好。现在，让我们看另一个。
This is close to my heart because recently, I found out there's a company across the sea -- imagine a country called "India" --
我非常关心这个，因为最近，我发现有一个公司在海的另一边——想象一个叫做“印度”的国家——
where they actually took everything about me except my face and my name, and wrote my bio out.
他们拿走了我的所有东西，除了我的脸和名字，然后写了我的简历。
It's called a "rip off". But we'll get to that.
这叫做“敲竹杠”。我们会讲到的。
If you have a store and you have products --books or markers, okay -- and you see someone come in, and then they take it,
如果你有一家商店，你有一些商品——书籍或马克笔，好的——你看到有人进来，然后他们拿走了它，
and they run out of your store, and they don't pay you, you would say, "I wasn't paid."
他们跑出你的商店，他们不付钱给你，你会说，“他们没付钱。”
You can say, "That person ripped me off." That means that person stole from me.
你可以说：“那个人偷我东西。”那就是说那个人偷了我的东西。
And we use that for when someone takes physical objects and takes them without paying from a store.
我们用这个短语来形容某人在不付钱的情况下从商店拿了实物。
So you can say, "The store was ripped off" because the product was taken and no money was given for it." Okay?
所以你可以说，“商店被偷了”，因为产品被拿走了，却没人付钱。好吧？
That's one form of "to rip off". Another is if you were the customer or client.
这是“偷窃”的一种形式。另一个是，如果你是顾客或客户。
If you go to my store and I sell this water for five dollars, and then you walk to Mr.E's store
如果你去我的商店，我把水卖5美元，然后你走到E先生的商店，
and see the exact same water but more water inside going for one dollar, you'll say, "I was ripped off."
如果你看到同样的水，但是里面的水多了一美元，你会说，“我被骗了。”
It's similar to being stolen from because what it means is, "I paid more than the value of the object."
这就像被偷了一样，因为它的意思是，“我付出的比物品的价值还要多。”
The object is only worth a dollar, but these people made me pay five.
这件物品只值一美元，但这些人让我付了五美元。
I feel ripped off. Something was taken from me, and it wasn't fair.
我感觉被欺诈了，我的东西被拿走了，这不公平。
I didn't get the value. Rip off. Water is a rip off. It's free, people. Check the clouds. It comes down regularly.
我不知道它的价值。骗人。水就是骗人的东西。它是免费的，各位。注意云彩。它会定期降落。
Anyway. Next. The next thing for "rip off" is to steal an idea. Told you this was business phrasal verbs.
无论如何。下一个。“rip off”的下一个意思是窃取一个创意。我告诉过你这堂课是讲商业动词短语。
Lots of times, McDonald's says, "Burger King's got a new burger.
很多时候，麦当劳说，“汉堡王有一个新的汉堡。
Let's rip it off." And they make the same product, and they call it the McSomething.
让我们抄一下创意。”他们做同样的产品，他们叫它McSomething。
Burger King did it first; McDonald's steals it. I'll give you a great example.
首先是汉堡王推出新产品；麦当劳窃取了这个创意。我给你们举个很好的例子。
Samsung and Apple. Okay, people. Don't sue me. It's in the papers. It's real.
三星和苹果。好吧，人。不要起诉我。就在报纸上。这是真实的。
Apple had a product where you could touch the screen and move everything.
苹果有一款产品，你可以触摸屏幕，移动任何东西。
Brilliant. Millions of people bought it. Samsung looked at it and went, "That's a damn good product.
很棒。数百万人购买了它。三星看了之后说，“这真是个好产品。
We like it." So they took the idea. They didn't ask Apple. They didn't pay Apple. They stole the idea.
我们喜欢它。”所以他们接受了这个想法。他们没有问苹果。他们没有付钱给苹果。他们窃取了这个想法。
Now, remember; the first stealing is to take physical objects.
现在，记住；第一次偷窃是拿走实物。
In this case, they stole the idea, and they made the Samsung.
在这个案例中，他们窃取了创意，制造了三星。
People love the Samsung. In fact, they ripped it off, but they made it better.
人们喜欢三星。事实上，他们剽窃了它，但他们让它变得更好。
But Apple sued them -- that means took them to court -- and said, "You must pay us." And Samsung had to pay because they stole the idea.
但苹果起诉了他们——也就是说把他们告上了法庭——并说，“你们必须赔偿我们。”三星不得不为此付出代价，因为他们窃取了这个创意。
So someone rips off your idea; they steal the idea from you.
所以有人剽窃了你的想法；他们会偷你的点子。
It's yours. And you know, it's like a book. And they tear a page out of the book.
这是你的。你知道，它就像一本书。他们从书上撕下了一页。
They take that page and steal it. It belongs in the book, not to them.
他们拿走了那一页并偷走了它。它属于这本书，而不是属于他们。
Okay? So that was "off", and that's how we talk about "away from", "to take something away from something else".
好吧？这就是“off”，这就是我们说的“away from”，“把某物从另一物那里拿走”。
