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This small shellfish has a superpower.
别看这种贝类很小，它可是有超能力的。
Not only can oysters make pearls out of grains of sand and taste incredible on the half shell.
牡蛎不仅能用沙粒做成珍珠，而且吃起来也非常美味。
They can also completely transform their environment.
他们也可以完全改变自身所处的环境。
One oyster can filter up to 50 gallons of water in a single day, leaving it cleaner and healthier.
一只牡蛎一天可过滤多达50加仑的水，使其更干净、更健康。
These amazing shellfish are like the natural cleaning crew of the ocean.
这些神奇的贝类就像海洋中的自然清洁员。
But ocean acidification and other climate-related changes are threatening oyster populations, which could be problematic for their entire ocean ecosystem.
但是海洋酸化和其他与气候有关的变化正在威胁牡蛎的数量，这可能对它们的整个海洋生态系统带来后果。
The world's oceans work like a giant sponge soaking in heat energy and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
世界上的海洋就像一块巨大的海绵，浸泡在大气中的热能和二氧化碳中。
And while this may actually help to mitigate some of the effects of climate change on land that extra heat and CO2 is affecting the natural chemical balance of the ocean.
虽然这有助于减轻气候变化对陆地的一些影响，但额外的热量和二氧化碳正在影响海洋的自然化学平衡。
And so all that carbon dioxide that we put into the atmosphere, about a third of it goes straight into the ocean.
我们排放到大气中的二氧化碳中，有大约三分之一直接进入海洋。
And that carbon dioxide is fundamentally changing the chemistry of the ocean, and that's the phenomenon that we call ocean acidification.
二氧化碳从根本上改变了海洋的化学性质，这就是我们所说的海洋酸化现象。
And how this acidification or change in the ocean's pH balance is going to impact the ocean's smallest creatures is a major focus of Dr.Hill's research.
这种酸化或海洋pH值平衡的变化将如何影响海洋中最小的生物呢？希尔博士主要研究的正是这一课题。
So what we see in laboratory experiments that we've done here at the Bodega Marine Lab is that the more and more acidic the water gets, the stronger negative response you get from animals.
我们在博德加海洋实验室的实验中看到，水的酸性越强，动物的负面反应就越强烈。
Animals like oysters and mussels tend to grow smaller, thinner shells.
像牡蛎和贻贝这样的动物往往会长出更小、更薄的壳。
25 miles down the road from Dr.Hill's lab, oyster farmer Terry Sawyer was noticing something similar with his oysters - that they were dying at higher rates,
在希尔博士实验室的25英里以外，牡蛎养殖者特里·索耶在他的牡蛎身上发现了相似的情况——它们的死亡速度更快，
and at the deaths were in correlation with high acidification of the water where they were growing.
而死亡与它们生长的水域高度酸化有关。
So when Terry and Dr.Hill met at a conference, something clicked.
因此，当特里和希尔博士在一个会议上见面后，问题就解释清楚了。
So Dr.Hill and I were like looking at each other like wait...
所以，希尔博士和我看着对方，就像……
Dr.Hill is based out of Bodega Laboratory just in the north of here 45 minutes away, we're here, we're in the water all the time.
从这里往北开45分钟就能到达希尔博士的博德加实验室了，我们一直都在水里。
We do a lot of thinking about sort of how to translate that work from what we know about the native oyster to the oysters that they are growing at the farm.
我们花了很长时间思考，如何将这些工作从我们对本地牡蛎的了解用在他们在农场里养殖的牡蛎上。
With the resources and daily data Terry and his team are able to gather in the farm,
在农场，特里和他的团队有了这些资源和日常数据，
they're able to track in real time how water chemistry is impacting oyster yields, which obviously benefits Terry's business,
他们就能够实时跟踪水化学对牡蛎产量的影响，这显然有利于特里的生意，
but can also lead to a greater understanding of the world's marine life.
同时也能使人们对世界上的海洋生物有更深入的了解。
And what that data is showing is that the high carbon dioxide levels are making it difficult for oysters to grow their shells.
数据显示，高二氧化碳含量使牡蛎难以长壳。
And if oysters can't grow strong shells many won't survive to maturity, which means a blow to the oyster economy, but also to the health of our oceans.
如果牡蛎不能长出结实的壳，许多牡蛎将无法存活至成熟，这对牡蛎经济和海洋健康都是一个打击。
Lowering of the pH.
pH值的降低。
The acidifying of the water is directly related to the amount of CO2 that's produced by the anthropogenic activities, burning of fossil fuel, CO2, greenhouse gases, etc.
水的酸化与人类活动产生的二氧化碳、化石燃料燃烧、二氧化碳、温室气体等等直接相关。
All of these things are being produced by a lot of activities we have.
所有这些东西都是由许多人类活动引发的。
What happens is the carbon dioxide mixes into the surface water of the ocean and forms carbonic acid.
现在正在发生的是，二氧化碳与海洋表面的水混合形成碳酸。
This then dissolves into bicarbonate and a whole bunch of extra hydrogen ions.
然后溶解成重碳酸盐和一大堆额外的氢离子。
It's these hydrogen ions that cause the real problem here.
正是这些氢离子造成了真正的问题。
As animals are trying to build their shell material, they're actually pulling the building blocks of that shell material out of the water column.
当动物们试图打造它们的外壳材料时，它们实际上是在把外壳材料从水柱中拔出。
And so they're building their shell from, for example, a calcium ion and a carbonate ion.
它们用钙离子和碳酸根离子来打造外壳。
