These excursions formed the backdrop to his first novel, The Sun Also Rises. Through his association with F. Scott Fitzgerald, Hemingway's work came to the notice of Charles Scribner publishers, who published The Sun Also Rises in 1926. This was Hemingway's breakthrough, proving to be both a commercial and critical success. It ushered in a new minimalist writing style for which the world was more than ready. However, not everyone was impressed. His silver tongued mother sent him this scathing reproof ... "Surely, you have other words in your vocabulary besides 'damn' and 'bitch'." As Hemingway's star elevated, his private life began to disintegrate. He had frequent fallings out with his literary pals as he assumed the role of the master to their apprenticeships. His temper was volcanic and would sometimes lead to fist fights. Things were no better at home. Ernest threw himself into a passionate affair with a friend of his wife by the name of Pauline Pfeiffer. Hadley, feeling deeply betrayed by both sides, gave Ernest 100 days to decide who he wanted to be with. He chose the more cosmopolitan Pfeiffer and walked out on his wife and son. Hemingway also walked out on Paris. He and Pauline, who he had made his second wife, moved to the island of Key West, Florida. Here, Ernest reinvented himself as a deep sea fisherman, ingratiating himself with a group of hard working and hard drinking seafarers who were a world away from the gentle intellectuals he had left behind in Paris.
这些旅程组成了他第一部小说《太阳照常升起》的背景。通过与菲茨杰拉德的关系，海明威的作品吸引了斯克里布纳出版公司的注意，该公司在1926年出版了《太阳照常升起》。这是海明威的重大突破，后被证明在销量和文学性上都取得了巨大的成功。它开创了一种新极简主义的写作风格，世界已经做好准备迎接它的到来。然而，不是每个人都对它印象深刻。他能言善辩的母亲在信中严厉地责备了他……“你的词汇量里肯定有除了‘该死’和‘贱人’之外的词。”海明威的星途不断发展时，他的个人生活开始出现问题。在担任大师的学徒时，他经常与文学界的朋友发生争吵。他脾气暴躁，有时会大打出手。他在家里的的表现也不怎么样。欧内斯特和他妻子的朋友宝琳·菲佛有了婚外情。哈德利感觉自己被二人背叛了，于是她给欧内斯特100天来决定他想跟谁在一起。他选择了见多识广的菲佛，离开了妻子和儿子。海明威还离开了巴黎。他和第二任妻子宝琳搬到了佛罗里达的基韦斯特。在那里，欧内斯特把自己彻底改造成了一名深海捕鱼人，海明威离开了巴黎那些文雅的知识分子，来到这里整日讨好一群努力工作且爱喝酒的海员，他们简直不是一个世界的人。
Fisherman
捕鱼生活
Hemingway reveled in the machismo of this new lifestyle. During the day he fished along the Cuba coast, while at night he smuggled Cuban rum for his local hangout, Sloppy Joe's Bar. With proceeds rolling in from The Sun Also Rises and his next novel, A Farewell to Arms, he built his own boat, the Pilar, and set about becoming the world's greatest deep sea fisherman. He proceeded to win every fishing contest on the Atlantic. When locals became upset, he told them that they could win their trophy back – but first they had to last three rounds with him in a boxing ring – no one could. Still, Hemingway's first love was writing. He rose at 5am each day and worked at his typewriter until midday. During this time, he would give his total focus to the written word. Then, after lunch, he would throw himself into his other life – that of the hard living, heavy drinking man of action. During the Key West years, Ernest and Pauline had two children of their own, both of them putting Pauline through marathon periods of labor. She proved to be a terrible mother, a woman who clearly did not like the inconvenience of having children. Hemingway himself was a lousy father – he would have periods of intense interest in his boys and then completely ignore them for months at a time.
海明威沉迷于这种新生活方式所展现的男子气概。白天，他沿着古巴海岸打鱼；晚上，他为自己经常去的邋遢乔酒吧走私古巴朗姆酒。从《太阳照常升起》到他下一部小说《永别了，武器》的出版，他的收入不断增加，他造了自己的船——“皮拉尔”号，开始成为世界上最伟大的深海捕鱼人。他在大西洋的所有捕鱼竞赛中都得了冠军。当地人感到非常失望，他告诉他们可以把奖杯赢回来——但首先他们必须在和他较量的拳击比赛中坚持三个回合——没人能做到。海明威的最爱仍然是写作。他从每天早晨5点起床一直到中午都坐在打字机前。在这段时间里，他将注意力全部放在文字上。午餐后，他就投入到另一种生活中——艰苦的酗酒者生活。在基韦斯特生活的那段时间里，欧内斯特和宝琳有了两个孩子，两个孩子的分娩过程堪比马拉松。事实证明，她是个糟糕的母亲，一个显然不喜欢孩子带来的不方便的女人。海明威也是个糟糕的父亲——他有时会对他的儿子特别感兴趣，然后在接下来的几个月完全无视他们。
In 1933, Hemingway discovered a whole new world of adventure when he set out on a hunting safari in Africa. He was mesmerized by the natural beauty of the Serengeti Plain. But, just as he was getting into the hunt, he was struck with a terrible bout of dysentery. He was flown to a hospital in Nairobi to recover. The plane flew over the majestic Mount Kilimanjaro, providing the inspiration for his most celebrated short story, The Snows of Kilimanjaro. After his recovery, Hemingway returned to the hunt, where he managed to bag buffalo, antelope and lions. All the while he was soaking up the atmosphere for inclusion in later works of fiction... Back in Key West, Hemingway continued his hard living lifestyle. During the early '30's he began an affair with an American woman who lived in Havana. Ernest would spend increasing amounts of time with her in Cuba, while his frustrated wife struggled to cope with the children. Then, in 1936, he began an affair with Martha Gelhorn, a journalist and writer. Gelhorn had the same sense of journalistic adventure as Hemingway and, in 1937, they made the decision to cover the Spanish Civil War together. Hemingway arrived in Spain as a reporter for the American newspaper Alliance. However, he soon became involved in a Dutch film production called The Spanish Earth. When the screenwriter quit, he assumed the duties himself. After a few months he returned to America, showing the film in Hollywood and raising $20,000 for the Spanish Republicans. His months in Spain provided the basis for Hemingway's best-selling novel about the civil war, For Whom the Bell Tolls. Those months also fueled the flames of passion with Martha Gelhorn. A short time after returning to Key West, he divorced Pauline so that he could marry Martha.
1933年，海明威在非洲的荒野狩猎时，他发现了一个新的冒险世界。他被塞伦盖蒂平原的自然美景迷住了。但就在他将要捕猎时，他突然痢疾发作了。于是他坐飞机到内罗毕治疗。飞机飞过雄伟的乞力马扎罗山，这为他最有名的短篇小说《乞力马扎罗的雪》提供了灵感。海明威康复之后就继续打猎，他设法捕获水牛、羚羊和狮子。他一直沉浸在那里的环境中，希望把某些元素列入到日后的小说中……海明威回到了基韦斯特，他继续着艰苦的生活方式。他30岁出头时开始和一个住在哈瓦那的美国女人产生了婚外情。欧内斯特很长时间都和她一起待在古巴，他挫败的妻子一直努力照顾孩子。1936年，他开始和玛莎·盖尔霍恩搞婚外恋，这个女子是名记者兼作家。盖尔霍恩和海明威都怀有对新闻的冒险精神，1937年，他们决定一起报道西班牙内战。海明威以美国报业联盟记者的身份到达了西班牙。然而，他很快就参与到了荷兰电影制作的《西班牙的土地》中。编剧离开后，他补了上去。一个月后，他回到美国，好莱坞上映了这部电影，并为西班牙共和军筹款2万美元。他在西班牙待的几个月时间为自己最畅销的内战主题小说《丧钟为谁而鸣》打下了基础。这几个月还点燃了他与玛莎·盖尔霍恩的激情之火。就在回到基韦斯特不久，他就与宝琳离婚了，这样他就可以与玛莎结婚。
In 1939, the newlyweds moved to Cuba. They settled into a beautiful villa on the outskirts of Havana. Here the couple would write during the day and then explore the nightlife that Havana had to offer. Cuba was a sportsman's paradise, allowing Hemingway to indulge his great passion for deep sea fishing. Hemingway soon met an aging Cuban fisherman by the name of Gregorio Fuentes. They became fishing buddies, with Hemingway basing the character of Santiago in his Pulitzer Prize winning novel The Old Man and the Sea upon Gregorio. During the Cuban hurricane season, the Hemingways lived in Sun Valley, Idaho. Here Ernest was able to partake of the hunting and freshwater fishing that he had done with his father as a boy. During this time, he became close friends with stars Gary Cooper and Marlene Dietrich, taking on the life of a celebrity himself. Errol Flynn, Jane Russell and Ingrid Bergman were regular visitors to Sun Valley. Back in Cuba he would entertain the likes of Spencer Tracey and the Duchess of Windsor at the Floradita Bar in Havana. But it was Hemingway himself who was the acknowledged star of Havana. The locals were always delighted to have him in their midst. They were just as impressed with his ability to drink anyone under the table as with his literary fame. Yet, even as his wild nights on the town in Havana became more decadent, Hemingway never strayed from his disciplined writing regimen. He continued to produce quality work with religious zeal... one true sentence at a time. It was during this time that international accolades began showering Hemingway in response to For Whom The Bell Tolls, which was widely regarded as a literary masterpiece. Ernest Hemingway the writer, was transforming himself into Papa Hemingway, the white whiskered literary genius who was also the big, loud and burly alpha male.
1939年，这对新婚夫妇搬到了古巴。他们在哈瓦那郊区的一座美丽的别墅安顿下来。在那里，夫妻二人白天写作，晚上一起探索哈瓦那的夜生活。古巴是运动健将的天堂，这让海明威沉迷于他深爱的深海捕鱼。不久，海明威遇到了古巴老渔民格雷戈里奥·富恩特斯。他们成了捕鱼的伙伴，他还是后来获普利策奖的小说《老人与海》中圣地亚哥的原型。在古巴飓风季期间，海明威住在了爱达荷州的太阳谷。在那里，欧内斯特开始捕猎，还在淡水中捕鱼，而这是他小时候和爸爸一起做的事。在这段时间，他和明星加里·库珀及玛琳·黛德丽成了好朋友，他也过上了名人的生活。埃罗尔·弗林、简·拉塞尔和英格丽·褒曼都是太阳谷的常客。回到古巴之后，他便在哈瓦那的佛罗里达酒吧用斯潘塞·特雷西和温莎公爵夫人的喜好来进行娱乐。然而，是海明威本人成了哈瓦那公认的明星。当地人看到他都很高兴。他比谁都能喝，这就像他在文坛的声誉一样令他们印象深刻。尽管海明威在哈瓦那城度过了颓废而疯狂的夜晚，他从不放弃严谨的写作生活。他继续用宗教热情创作出优质的作品……每次都能写出一个真实的句子。正是在这段时间里，《丧钟为谁而鸣》开始收获国际上的大量赞誉，这部作品被普遍认为是文学名著。作家欧内斯特·海明威变成了海明威老爹，这位留着白胡子的文学巨匠也是个高大魁梧的纯爷们。
World War II
二战时期
When World War Two ignited, it also created tensions on far off Havana. Martha Gelhorn Hemingway put her career ahead of her family and set off to Europe as a war correspondent. Papa Hemingway was furious, telling everyone within earshot that he had a good mind to follow after her and 'kick her ass good and tell her she should either come home or go to military school.' Meanwhile Martha was becoming politically active in support of the Allies. She encouraged Hemingway to use his influence to rally support. He ignored her pleas, but finally left for London as a correspondent for Colliers magazine. He joined the RAF on bombing missions and followed the 4th Infantry across Normandy in the wake of the D-Day invasions. On returning from the war, Papa Hemingway greatly exaggerated the part he played in defeating the Germans, just as he had done at the end of World War One. The military soon got word of his claims and began looking further into them. They discovered that Hemingway had violated his status as a noncombatant reporter on many occasions and he was charged with numerous rule violations. In his defense a number of high ranking officers testified, with one stating that Hemingway was ... "Without question one of the most courageous men I have ever known. Fear is a stranger to him." Hemingway was cleared of all charges and later awarded a bronze star for bravery as a war correspondent...
当二战的战火点燃时，遥远的哈瓦那也出现了紧张局势。玛莎·盖尔霍恩·海明威把她的事业放在了家庭前面，她以战地记者的身份去了欧洲。海明威老爹非常生气，他告诉所有人，自己很想跟着她，然后“狠狠地揍她一顿，告诉她，要么回家，要么去军校”。此时，玛莎在支持同盟国方面表现得十分活跃。她鼓励海明威用他的影响力召集拥护者。他无视了她的请求，但最后他去了伦敦当了《科利尔》杂志的记者。他加入了英国皇家空军执行了轰炸任务，还在诺曼底登陆日后，跟着第四步兵师穿越了诺曼底。战争结束回来时，海明威老爹极大地夸张了自己为击败德军所作的贡献，就像他一战结束时那样。军队不久就得知了他的说法，并对此进行进一步的研究。他们发现海明威在很多时候都违背了他非战斗记者的身份，他被指控违反了许多规定。在他的辩护中，许多高级军官作了证，其中一人说道，海明威“毫无疑问是我见过最勇敢的男人之一，他从不畏惧。”海明威洗脱了所有指控罪名，后来还作为战地记者因自己的勇敢被授予了铜星勋章……
Later Life
晚年生活
At war's end, Martha left the marriage, fed up with her husband's chauvinistic tendencies. But Hemingway already had a replacement waiting in the wings, a fellow war correspondent by the name of Mary Welsh. Mary would be by his side until the end. During the late 1940's Hemingway's excessive drinking began to take a toll on his physical and mental health. For the first time, the quality of his writing began to suffer, which was hugely frustrating for him. Finally, after a trip to Italy, during which he engaged in a passionate affair with a girl in her twenties, he published Across the River and into the Trees. The critics slammed it, and for the first time Hemingway felt the sting of literary rejection. The consensus was that the old man no longer had the gift. For Hemingway this was like a red flag to a bull. He completed his next novel in just 8 weeks. The Old Man and the Sea became the defining work of his career. The aging champ had regained his title with a vengeance, silencing the critics and claiming the 1953 Pulitzer Prize for Literature. In 1954 Hemingway was on Safari in Africa when his light plane went down in the jungle. Smashing his head against the door to open it he saved the life of all onboard but suffered permanent head injuries. In the wake of the Cuban revolution, the Hemingways left Havana in July, 1960 moving to Ketchum, Idaho. Here his health, both mental and physical, rapidly deteriorated. He was admitted to the Mayo Clinic and given electroshock therapy to treat his depression. This robbed the master wordsmith of his greatest writing tool – his memory. Without that he had nothing. Ernest Hemingway committed suicide with his favorite hunting rifle on July 2, 1961.
战后，玛莎离开了海明威，她厌倦了她丈夫的大男子主义。但海明威已经有了正在候着的替代人选——一个和他同行的名叫玛丽·威尔士的战地记者。玛丽一直陪着他，直到生命的终点。40年代末期，海明威的酗酒习惯开始严重影响他的身体和心理健康。他的写作质量第一次下降了，这令他十分沮丧。在意大利之旅中，他与一个20多岁的女孩有了一段婚外情，旅途归来后，他出版了《过河入林》。评论家抨击了这本书，海明威第一次感受到了自己的作品被拒绝的痛苦。大家都认为这个老头不再拥有文学天分。于海明威而言，这就像是红旗之于公牛。他只用了8周就完成了自己的下一部小说。《老人与海》成了他文学道路上决定性的作品。这名年老的文学冠军用复仇的方式重获名号，让评论家哑口无言。1953年，他获得了普利策奖。1954年，海明威在非洲打猎时，他的轻型飞机坠落在了丛林里。他用头撞开了门，拯救了飞机上所有的人，但他的头部受到了永久性损伤。古巴革命之后，海明威于1960年7月离开了哈瓦那，搬到了爱达荷州的凯彻姆。在那里，他的身体健康和心理健康都迅速恶化。他在梅奥医学中心接受了治疗，并用电击疗法治疗抑郁。这夺走了这位文学大师最强大的写作工具——他的记忆。没有了它，他变得一无所有。1961年7月2日，欧内斯特·海明威用自己最喜欢的猎枪自尽了。
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