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One of the greatest criticisms leveled at NASA is that they don't take enough risk and that's for good reason. You've seen that they have had tragedies in their past.
对NASA最大的批评之一是他们没有承担足够的风险，这是有原因的。你已经看到他们的过去有悲剧发生。
They had the Challenger disaster. They've had two tragedies in the shuttle program alone. And we saw whole crews die in those. And that makes you nervous.
他们遭遇了挑战者号灾难。仅航天飞机项目就发生了两起悲剧。我们看到所有的宇航员都死在里面。这让你很紧张。
That's bad for PR. That's bad for a government. That's bad for a president.
这对公共关系不好，对政府也不好。这对总统来说很糟糕。
If you see these national heroes who are supposed to be going into space to further the species and get glory for the country and they don't come back that aside from being a terrible, terrible thing is also extremely bad PR and it did affect NASA a lot.
如果你看到这些国家英雄，他们本应该进入太空，进一步发展物种，为国家赢得荣誉，但他们没有回来，除了成为一个可怕的事情，也是非常糟糕的公关事件，这确实对NASA影响很大。
And what we've seen now is NASA has shifted some of that risk. NASA's role has changed. Back then they would be a contractor and they would tell companies to build them a specific part of a rocket.
现在我们看到的是美国国家航空航天局已经转移风险。NASA的角色已经改变了。那时他们是承包商，他们会告诉公司为他们建造火箭的特定部分。
But they would do the whole mission themselves. Now we see NASA is more of a client so it's shifted the responsibility and the risk to SpaceX. SpaceX is basically selling NASA a ride to the international space station.
但他们要自己完成整个任务。现在我们看到NASA更像是一个客户，所以它把责任和风险转移给了SpaceX。太空探索技术公司基本上是把NASA卖给国际空间站。
So if something were to go wrong and thankfully as the years go on it's less likely that something will go wrong, NASA doesn't have as much of that risk.
所以如果出了什么问题，谢天谢地，随着时间的推移，出问题的可能性会越来越小，NASA就没有那么大的风险了。
It doesn't have as much responsibility I guess. It will come under fire for hiring SpaceX but ultimately anything bad that would happen would be on SpaceX's shoulders.
我想它没有那么多责任。它将因聘用SpaceX而受到批评，但最终任何不好的事情都将由SpaceX来承担。
So you've seen NASA has switched, has taken the risk and put it onto the private companies. And the private companies are much better equipped to deal with that risk.
所以你们已经看到NASA改变了，冒着风险把它交给了私人公司。私营公司更有能力应对这种风险。
They don't have to elect their CEO every four years, for example. They don't have to answer to a whole country and they can go ahead and do things that other people couldn't.
例如，他们不必每四年选举一次CEO。他们不必对整个国家负责，他们可以继续做其他人做不到的事情。
And you've seen it in America in the past actually. You saw the railroad expansion. America used private companies to do that. It wasn't the government.
你过去在美国也见过。你看到了铁路的扩张。美国利用私人公司来做到这一点。不是政府。
They gave them huge amounts of land and said go and build us a railroad system and there are actually a lot of similarities between those two scenarios.
他们给了他们大量的土地，说去给我们建一个铁路系统，实际上这两个场景有很多相似之处。
A lot of people see Elon Musk's SpaceX and Jeff Bezos's Blue Origin as the railroad companies who are being tasked with connecting us with another frontier essentially.
很多人把埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)的SpaceX和杰夫·贝佐斯(Jeff Bezos)的Blue Origin视为铁路公司，它们的任务基本上是把我们与另一个前沿连接起来。
