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The chromosomes we’re born with are part of sex, which also takes into account genetic, physical, and hormonal information.
与生俱来的染色体也是生物学性别的一部分，除此之外，生物学性别还包括遗传、生理和荷尔蒙信息。
It’s different from gender, which is the way someone identifies in the world as a woman, a man, or nonbinary, or something else.
但生物学性别不同于社会文化性别，后者指的是一个人在世界上以女性、男性、非二元性别或其他身份存在的方式。
Beyond the typical categories of XX females and XY males,
除了典型的XX女性和XY男性之外，
There are many other ways a body can develop.
身体还有许多其他的发育方式。
People who have differences of sexual development, or DSD, are also known as intersex
性发育异常的人，简称DSD，也被称为“双性人”，
and many people can reach sexual maturity without ever knowing they have a DSD.
很多人可能性成熟了都还不知道自己性发育存在异常。
When sports officials changed the sex testing criteria, Klobukowska failed the new version
国际田联改变性别测试标准以后，克洛布科夫斯卡没能通过新的测试，
and she was banned from competing as female despite having passed the female exam a year before.
被禁止以女性身份参赛，尽管她通过了一年前的女性性别测试。
By the 2000s, chromosome testing fell out of favor and in 2011 officials introduced a testosterone limit.
到本世纪初，染色体检测已经不再受欢迎，2011年，田联官员们又引入了睾酮激素限制。
Dutee Chand, an Indian sprinter who naturally produces high levels of testosterone was put through the new test in 2014.
2014年，天生睾酮水平就很高的印度短跑运动员杜迪·昌德接受了这项新测试。
The testosterone limit for female athletes had been set at 10 nanomoles per liter,
女性运动员的睾酮水平被设定为10nmoI/L，
which the IAAF considered the lower end of normal male levels.
这一水平也是国际田联认定的正常男性水平的下限。
Chand failed her test and was banned from competing as female.
昌德没有通过测试，被禁止以女性身份参赛。
She appealed the decision, arguing that the IAAF lacked scientific evidence linking high testosterone to performance.
她对这一决定提出了上诉，声称国际田联缺乏将高睾酮水平与成绩挂钩的科学证据。
The Court of Arbitration for Sport agreed with her and lifted the ban.
国际体育仲裁法庭（CAS）同意了她的上诉，并解除了禁令。
In doing so, they said the IAAF needed evidence showing a link between high testosterone and increased performance.
他们表示，国际田联需要证据证明高睾酮水平和成绩突出之间存在联系。
The decision allowed Chand and other athletes, including Caster Semenya, to compete at the 2016 Olympics in Rio.
因为这一裁决，昌德和包括卡斯特·塞门亚在内的其他运动员才得以参加2016年的里约奥运会。
But in 2018, authorities returned with a new testosterone limit,
然而，2018年，当局再次出台了新的睾酮限制，
and this time they had evidence that female athletes with high testosterone outperformed in certain events.
这一次，他们有了表明睾酮水平高的女性运动员在某些项目上表现更出色的证据。
But here’s the catch: the IAAF commissioned the study the evidence came from and the data has been questioned by members of the scientific community.
但问题是：得出这一结论的研究是国际田联牵头的，但研究数据遭到了科学界多名人士的质疑。
Despite the scrutiny, the IAAF set the new testosterone limit even lower, at 5 nanomoles per liter,
尽管受到了仔细审查，国际田联还是将睾酮标准降低到了5nmol/L，
and only applied it to track distances between 400 meters and the mile, which includes all the events that Semenya typically runs.
但只在400米到1英里（约1600米）的项目中落实这一标准，而塞门娅通常参加的所有项目都在这一范围。
It’s the reason Semenya was banned.
这就是塞门娅被禁赛的原因。
But before the ban could take affect, she was at the Court of Arbitration for Sport to fight her right to compete.
不过，禁令生效之前，她就为维护自己的参赛权走上了国际体育仲裁法庭。
She would lose her appeal.
但她并没有上诉成功。
"The Court of Arbitration for Sport dismissed the South African star’s appeal,
“国际体育仲裁法庭驳回了这位南非健将的上诉，
meaning she’ll now have to take drugs to lower her testosterone levels if she wants to compete."
这就意味着如果她想继续参赛，就必须服用药物降低睾酮水平。”
"A landmark ruling against Olympic gold medalist Caster Semenya."
“这一裁决对奥运会金牌得主卡斯特·塞门亚具有里程碑式的意义。”
"She will not be able to compete in the 400 and the 800 meters and in the 1500 meters."
“她将无法继续参加400米、800米和1500米的比赛。”
The ban would require Semenya to undergo medical treatment to lower her testosterone, which could potentially cause harmful side effects.
这项禁令要求塞门亚接受药物治疗，以降低睾酮水平，但可能产生有害的副作用。
This is something Semenya has spoken out against in the past.
这也是塞门亚此前公开反对的问题。
A few years ago she told the BBC: "I’d rather just be natural, you know, be who I am.
几年前，她在接受BBC采访时表示：“我宁愿做一个自然的人，你知道嘛，我宁愿做我自己。
You know, I was born like this. So I don’t want any changes, so yeah."
我生下来就是这样。所以，我不想做任何改变。”
The United Nations has supported Semenya and were joined by the World Medical Association in criticizing the ban.
联合国一直在声援塞门亚，世界医学协会也加入了批评该禁令的行列。
"And she said she doesn’t want to take this type of medication and I think she is right.
“她说她不想服用这种药物，我认为她是对的。”
"It’s entirely unethical to administer drugs to someone who doesn’t need them."
“强行给本不需要用药的人用药完全不道德。”
Semenya isn’t the only athlete affected.
塞门亚并非唯一受到裁决影响的运动员。
The other top two runners in Rio, silver medalist Francine Niyonsaba and bronze medalist Margaret Wambui have also said they were affected by the ruling.
里约奥运会另外两名奖牌得主，银牌得主弗朗辛·尼扬萨巴和铜牌得主玛格丽特·万布伊纷纷表示他们也受到了这一裁决的影响。
Meaning all three podium finishers from Rio might be banned from defending their title at the next Olympics unless they take steps to regulate their natural levels of testosterone.
这就意味着里约奥运会的三名奖牌得主都可能被禁止在下一届奥运会上卫冕，除非他们采取措施控制自己的自然睾酮水平。
For their part, IAAF officials described the regulation as discriminatory, but necessary.
国际田联的官员则认为这项规定虽然具有歧视性，但却颇为必要。
"Such discrimination is a necessary, reasonable, and proportionate means of achieving the IAAF’s objective of preserving the integrity of female athletics."
“国际田联要实现维护女子田径运动的诚信这一目标，这种歧视不仅十分必要，也很合情合理。”
The ruling also upholds a policy that only athletes identified as suspicious need to be tested.
这项裁决还秉承着只有被认为可疑的运动员才需要接受检测的政策。
That means deciding who is tested can depend on an athlete’s appearance
这就意味着决定谁接受测试可能取决于运动员的外貌，
and it might be that non-white athletes from the global South, like Chand, Semenya, and the other top finishers in Rio are being selected for testing
那被要求测试的可能就是来自南半球，像昌德、塞门亚和其他在里约奥运会上名列前茅的运动员那样的非白人运动员，
because they don’t fit somebody’s stereotype of what a female looks like.
因为她们不符合人们对女性形象的常规印象。
Confusion about Caster Semenya’s case has led to misunderstanding and news outlets have wrongly portrayed her as transgender.
对卡斯特·塞门娅案件的困惑不仅导致了误解，还有一些新闻媒体甚至错误地将她说成是跨性别人士。
"She isn’t."
“她不是。”
And the problem of dividing athletes by sex has nothing to do with their gender.
用生物学性别来划分运动员这一问题与运动员的社会文化性别并没有关系。
It’s rooted in sex and athletic officials inability to find a criteria that will fairly divide athletes into the two categories of men and women.
其根源在于生物学性别，在于田联官员找不到一个能够将运动员公平地划分为男性和女性这一二元性别的标准。
History shows that whenever sports are divided by sex,
历史表明，每当用生物学性别来划分体育运动时，
the athletes who qualify as female change depending on the criteria used to draw that line.
符合女性资格的运动员群体就会根据划分性别的标准发生变化。
"It's now 10 years that the IAAF have scrutinized Caster Semenya and tried to keep her out of sport or at least to slow her down."
“国际田联调查卡斯特尔·塞门亚都调查十年了，试图将她淘汰出体育界，至少是放慢她的速度。"
But the scrutiny hasn’t stopped her.
但他们的审查并没能阻止她。
After losing her appeal this year, Semenya brought the case to another court that agreed to suspend the ban for the time being.
今年上诉失败后，塞门亚将她的案子提交给了另一家法院，后者同意暂时暂停禁令。
In the meantime, she continues to keep running.
在这期间，她继续在奔跑着。
"If she was trying to make a statement she’ll make it here in the last 100 meters.
“如果她准备，她会在最后100米的时候 。”
She ran a race just before the ban was set to begin.
这次比赛是禁令生效前她参加的最后一场比赛。
"Impressive and dominant performance by Caster Semenya.
卡斯特尔·塞门亚的表现和优势都十分抢眼。
After winning it, she was asked what comes next.
比赛获胜后，她被问到接下来的打算。
"What happens for you now? "
“接下来什么打算？”
"I keep training, I keep running. So, doesn’t matter!
“接着训练，接着跑呗。所以没关系啦。
I’m just gonna enjoy my life and then live it!
我就享受生活，好好生活就是啦。
You try to be in front of me? I jump you. So, that's how life it is."
你要想挡住我的去路，我就从你身上跨过去。生活就是这样啊。”
