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From cute kittens to decisions, emotions are just trying to be so helpful.
从可爱的小猫到做决定，情绪只是想帮助你。
And if you want some practice getting in touch with your feelings, have I got some tips for you.
如果你想通过练习来了解自己的感受，我可以给你一些建议。
Just pull out your phone, plug in some headphones and find the saddest possible playlist on Spotify.
只需要拿出手机，插入耳机，在音乐服务网站Spotify上找到最悲伤的歌曲播放列表。
Or the most angsty one really, the possibilities are endless.
或者是最愤怒的那些歌，真的，有无限的可能。
Music is known for its ability to make us all emotional but why that's true is less clear.
音乐能让我们所有人都变得情绪化，但还不清楚其原因。
Here's what we know so far.
这是我们目前所了解的信息。
We all sort of know that music tugs at our heartstrings, think of the excitement you feel at a rock concert.
我们都知道音乐会牵动我们的心弦，想想你在摇滚音乐会上感受到的兴奋之情。
Or the lump you get in your throat when the first dance starts at your friend's wedding.
或是在朋友婚礼上第一次跳舞时，喉咙里像塞了东西一样。
Think of that holiday music nostalgia.
想想假日音乐的怀旧情怀吧。
How nice it is to dancer on your kitchen to your favorite spotify playlist.
在厨房里，跟着你最喜欢的Spotify播放列表起舞的感觉真是太好了。
And like there's definitely a reason that the soundtrack for a horror film is nothing like the one for a rom-com.
当然，恐怖片的原声带和只读存储器的原声带完全不同，这是有原因的。
But the question of why music gives us the feels is a trickier one and if something psychologists have been investigating for a long time.
但是，为什么音乐给我们那些感觉是一个更棘手的问题，心理学家对此已经研究了很长一段时间。
Turns out this research might be so difficult, because there are a whole bunch of explanations.
事实证明，这项研究可能非常困难，因为有很多种解释。
First it's worth pointing out that music really is universal.
首先，值得指出的是，音乐确实具有普遍性。
Whether you are hearing it through your ears or feeling something like rhythm through vibrations.
无论你是通过耳朵听，还是通过振动来感受节奏。
It's been found to be part of every known human culture and even as infants we react to and enjoy it.
人们发现它是每种已知人类文化的一部分，甚至婴儿都会对音乐做出反应，并会享受音乐。
Different cultures also seem to use similar types of music for similar things.
不同的文化似乎也使用相似的音乐做相似的事情。
This kind of suggests that music has an evolutionary purpose which is something that scientists as far back as Darwin have proposed.
这表明音乐具有进化的目的，这是科学家早在达尔文的时代就提出的。
They've suggested it could have been a kind of language before we had words or an auditory way to convey what's usually expressed by movement.
他们认为，在我们有字词或听觉方式来传达通常通过动作表达的内容之前，可能就存在一种语言。
But even if there's a good reason for why humans have embraced music, it's a little more complicated to explain exactly how it influences our emotions.
但是，即使有很好的理由来解释为什么人类会领会音乐，但要解释它如何影响我们的情感还是有点复杂。
It's so complicated that for a while some researchers actually thought that it didn't.
它是如此复杂，以至于有一段时间，一些研究人员认为事实并非如此。
They argued that the fields were just the result of tension being released as our expectations were met and violated by what happened in a song.
他们认为，这些领域只是由于我们的期望被一首歌所描述的事情所满足，或违背而释放出的紧张情绪的结果。
If you've ever gone oh at a dissonant and a rhythmic piece of modern classical music you probably know that expectations do matter when it comes to listening to music.
如果你曾经听过不和谐的，有节奏的现代古典音乐作品，你可能会知道在听音乐时，预期是多么的重要。
But many researchers now argue that while expectations might be one-way songs influence us, you really are feeling emotions when a passionate ballad brings you to tears.
但是现在许多研究者认为，虽然预期可能是歌曲单方面影响我们，但当一首充满激情的民谣让你流泪时，你就是真感受到了情感。
There's a lot of evidence that when you listen to a piece of music something is going on in your body and brain.
有很多证据表明，你在听一段音乐时，身体和大脑中会发生一些事情。
And that's kind of hard to ignore.
这是很难被忽视的。
For example some studies have found differences in participants heart rates and blood pressures when listening to happy up-tempo tonal music versus sadder slower more dissonant stuff.
例如，一些研究发现，参与者倾听欢快的快节奏音乐时，他们的心率和血压会与听节奏更慢、曲调更不和谐的悲伤音乐时有所不同。
Admittedly, it's hard to say whether the music changed how positive people actually felt or just got them more riled up.
诚然，很难说到底是音乐改变了人们对积极情绪的感知，还是让他们更加愤怒。
But another study got around that a bit by looking at how music affected subjects interpret tation of facial expressions.
但另一项研究通过观察音乐对被试解释面部表情的影响来回避这一点。
They found that happy music made happy neutral and sad faces seem happier, while sad music made them seem sadder.
他们发现欢快的音乐使快乐的中性和悲伤的脸看起来更快乐，而悲伤的音乐则使他们看起来悲伤。
That seemed to suggest that music was making them feel things and influencing their perception of emotions.
这似乎表明音乐让他们感受到了某些事物，并且影响了他们对情感的感知。
In a 2014 research review published in Nature found that many of the brain regions we associate with emotion like the nucleus accumbens amygdala and hippocampus are involved when we listen to songs.
2014年发表在《自然》杂志上的一篇研究评论中，我们发现许多与情绪相关的大脑区域，比如伏隔核、杏仁核和海马体，在我们听歌曲时都会参与其中。
So there's definitely some emotion related stuff going on in your brain when you plug in your headphones.
所以，当你插入耳机的时候，大脑中肯定会发生一些与情绪相关的事情。
Why and how those things happen is a much harder question to.
为什么以及如何发生这些事情是一个更难回答的问题。
Answer for one the research hasn't been totally consistent.
研究结果并不完全一致。
Different studies have asked slightly different questions when they've investigated music and emotion.
当研究音乐和情感时，不同的研究提出了稍显不同的问题。
Like what do you feel when you hear this versus what do you hear in the music.
就像当你听到这个音乐时的感受和你听到的音乐之间是有差异的。
If you aren't paying close attention to what the researchers ask their participants, it can make the results of their studies seem confusing or even contradictory.
如果你没注意研究人员要求参与者做的事情，可能会使他们的研究结果看起来混乱甚至相互矛盾。
And then there are all the potential mechanisms for how music gives us emotions.
还有音乐如何给我们带来情感的所有潜在机制。
In 2008 and a paper from behavioral and brain sciences, researchers argued that there may be as many as 6 mechanisms, including things like reflexes in the brainstem, but also more cognitive things like musical expectancy.
2008年，一篇来自行为脑科学的论文中，研究人员认为可能有多达六种机制，包括脑干中的反射，但也有更多的认知机制，如对音乐的期待。
Even though the emotions are real they could still be caused by expectations, like older researchers thought.
尽管这些情绪是真实的，但它们仍然可能是由预期造成的，正如以往的研究人员所认为的那样。
Another possible mechanism is that the feelings you get from music happen via a process called emotional contagion, where you mirror the emotion that you hear happening in the piece.
另一个可能的机制是，你从音乐中得到的感觉是通过一个叫做情感传染的过程发生的，在这个过程中你反映出听到的音乐中发生的情感。
But how this happens in the brain is still unknown and then there's the idea that your memories can have something to do with how songs make you feel.
但这在大脑中是如何发生的还不得而知，还有一种想法，那就是你的记忆与歌曲带给你的感觉有关。
Research has shown that melodies can evoke strong autobiographical memories, meaning that song really can take you back to when and where and what was happening when you listen to it.
研究表明，旋律可以唤起强烈的自传性回忆，这意味着一首歌真能让你想起听它的时间、地点，以及当时发生的事情。
So it's totally possible that by bringing up a memory a song could invoke the emotions associated with it.
因此，通过唤起记忆，一首歌完全有可能唤起与之相关的情绪。
Rather than one that's built into the song itself.
而不是歌曲本身所唱的内容。
It's why that cute love song you and your ex used to like might make you feel angry or sad instead of all warm and fuzzy inside.
这就是为什么你和前任都喜欢的可爱情歌，可能会让你感到愤怒或悲伤，而不是让你内心温暖。
So yeah there are a lot of possibilities.
所以有很多可能性。
In that 2008 paper the researchers argued that that might be part of the reason why we don't have things figured out yet.
在2008年的那篇论文中，研究人员认为这可能是我们还没有弄清原委的部分原因。
I mean so many possibilities and failing to distinguish when different ones are responsible in different situations could be muddying our overall understanding.
我的意思是，在不同的情况下，太多的可能性和无法区分不同的可能性，可能会使我们的整体理解变得混乱。
And the idea of liking music is a whole separate issue.
喜欢音乐的想法是一个完全不同的问题。
Because you totally can get pleasure out of a really sad song, it's basically a Dells whole business model.
因为你完全可以从一首悲伤的歌中获得乐趣，这基本上是戴尔的整个商业模式。
So we don't totally know how we get from music to feels, but we do definitely know that music makes us feel things.
所以，我们不完全知道如何从音乐中获得感觉，但我们确实知道音乐能让我们产生感觉。
There are a lot more questions to answer but they're questions a lot of people care about and are looking into.
还有很多问题要回答，很多人都关心这些问题，也正在研究它们。
After all music is a huge part of most of our lives and might have also played a role in our evolutionary history.
毕竟，音乐是我们生活中的一个重要组成部分，可能在人类进化史上也发挥着作用。
So next time you're sobbing along to the credits of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire or having a spiritual experience at a Beyonce concert, well know that you're not alone.
所以，下次你听着《哈利波特与火焰杯》的片尾曲哭泣，或是在碧昂斯的音乐会上兴奋异常时，你知道自己并不孤单。
This compilation is brought to you by our community of patrons on patreon.
本期节目由我们在patreon的赞助人社区的支持下制作完成。
Thanks for everything you do to keep this show going and thank you to all of our viewers for your time and support.
感谢您为本节目长期以来顺利播出所做的一切，并感谢所有观众贡献的时间和支持。
If you want to help us make more videos like this, you can go to patreon.com/scishow.
如果您想帮助我们制作更多这样的视频，可以访问patreon.com/scishow。
