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Nearly 20% of it originates here, in southern Michigan.
其中近20%的粪便都来自这里——密歇根南部。
This is the Hudson dairy CAFO right here.
那是哈德逊乳制品CAFO。
3,500 cows puts out the manure equivalent of 70,000 people every day.
他们有3500头牛，每天排出的粪便相当于7万人排泄的量。
Pam Taylor is a retired math teacher.
帕姆·泰勒是退休数学老师。
She showed me what happens when these giant manure lagoons get filled up.
她向我展示了这些巨大的粪便潟湖被填满后会怎么样。
Watch watch watch!
快看快看!
And so that's liquid manure coming out of there? Yes.
所以，那就是从那边运过来的粪液吗？是的。
Several times a year, Pam goes out and tests the water near these fields.
帕姆每年都会来测试这些田地附近的水，而且每年都会测好几次。
Today we're looking for orthophosphate, the main culprit in Lake Erie's recurring toxic algae blooms.
今天我们要测试的是伊利湖不断爆发有毒藻华的罪魁祸首——正磷酸盐。
This already does not look good to me.
现在就感觉不妙了。
Anything above 0.005 parts per million can trigger a toxic algae bloom."
任何正磷酸盐含量超过百万分之0.005的水都能引发有毒藻华的爆发。”
And we're already at five."
现在已经达到这一临界值了。”
At least.
“至少是这个值”。
The Maumee River is the main tributary to Lake Erie.
莫米河是伊利湖的主要支流。
It's where all these other creeks eventually end up.
也是所有这些小溪的终点。
The orthophosphate levels in the Maumee River have been rising steadily since the mid-1990s
上世纪90年代中期以来，莫米河的正磷酸盐水平一直在稳步上升，
and algae blooms have become the new normal."
藻华泛滥已经成为这条河的新常态。”
Residents in Toledo, Ohio are facing another day without tap water.
俄亥俄托莱多的居民再次面临着没有自来水的日子。
They were ordered to stay away from the water over the weekend after tests showed it was toxic."
在测试显示该地的自来水有毒后，本周末，他们被命令远离自来水。”
It was definitely something that made you just kind of sit back and think this isn't right.
这种事绝对会让你坐下来思考这个问题，让你觉得这是不对的。
As a mom, I have to do something.
作为一个母亲，我必须做点儿什么。
I think there were maybe five or six of us at the very very beginning
我印象中，一开始的时候，我们只有五六个人
putting pressure on those agencies that are in charge...
对负责这一问题的有关方施压……
Could you guys sit down? This is ridiculous.
你们能坐下吗？你们这太可笑了。
And trying to get a response from them...
试图从他们那里得到回应……
Quite frankly, you look like a bunch of buffoons there.
坦白说，你们跟一群小丑没什么两样。
There was nothing and that was the first time I had heard about rights of nature.
我们没有得到任何回应，但我也第一次听到了有关自然权利这个概念。
The rights of nature movement spans communities in Pennsylvania, Ecuador, New Zealand, and elsewhere,
目前，自然权利运动已经遍及宾夕法尼亚州、厄瓜多尔、新西兰等地的社区，
that have passed statutes recognizing the legal rights of rivers, forests, and ecosystems.
这些社区也已经通过了法律，承认河流、森林和生态系统享有合法权利。
Drawing on these laws, the Toledo group wrote up a document.
根据这些法律，托莱多的民众起草了一份文件。
They called it the "Lake Erie Bill of Rights."
他们称之为《伊利湖权利法案》。
It recognized the lake's right to "exist, flourish and naturally evolve."
该法案承认，湖泊享有“存在、繁荣和自然发展”的权利。
What the Lake Erie Bill of Rights is trying to do is to say hey, Farmer A,
《伊利湖权利法案》想表达的是，嘿，某某农民，
even though you had a permit when you applied it all of that fertilizer and it ran off into Lake Erie,
虽然你申请了，也拿到了制造那些粪便的许可，但它们都流到伊利湖里，
that is essentially legally wrongful.
从法律角度来讲，这么做是不对的。
The bill recognizes Lake Erie's right to file a lawsuit if it's been harmed.
该法案承认伊利湖在受到损害时有权提起诉讼。
And if that sounds ridiculous, consider how that right has changed over time.
如果这听起来很荒谬，想想随着时间的推移，这一权利是如何改变的。
Historically, there was a very small pool of actors that could come before the court and say,
在历史上，只有一小部分演员可以在法庭上说，
something has happened to me, and that is wrong, and you have to fix it.
我出了什么事，这件事不对，你得帮我解决一下。
If someone harmed a woman or an enslaved person,
如果有人伤害了一名女性或一名奴隶，
the man they were beholden to would have to bring a lawsuit on their behalf.
他们的男性所有者就必须以他们的名义提起诉讼。
And so over the years, we've seen an expansion of who can come before the courts and say my rights have been violated.
所以，随着时间的推移，我们才能看到越来越多的人走上法庭，说我的权利受到了侵犯。
It's not just humans.
而且，不仅仅是人类。
Corporations can file lawsuits too.
公司也可以提起诉讼。
In the United States, the court has also recognized corporations' rights
在美国，法院还承认公司有权进行政治捐款，捐款额度不受限制，
to make unlimited political donations and to ignore laws that conflict with the religious beliefs of their owners.
也有权无视与其所有者宗教信仰相冲突的法律。
The Lake Erie Bill of Rights argues that nature should have at least some of these same rights.
《伊利湖权利法案》认为，大自然至少应该拥有这些权利中的部分权利。
But that creates a constitutional puzzle for the courts.
但这就给法院出了一个规章性的难题。
Because, if the corporations who raised this livestock and spread this manure have a right to do business,
因为，如果饲养这些牲畜并扩散这些粪便的公司有权利做生意，
but the lake also has a right to be healthy, then whose rights win out?
而湖也有保持健康的权利，那谁的权利更胜一筹呢？
