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Thanks to CuriosityStream for supporting this episode of SciShow! Go to CuriosityStream.com/SciShow to learn more.
感谢CuriosityStream对本期《科学秀》的大力支持。登陆CuriosityStream.com/SciShow了解更多内容。
Cuttlefish are the ultimate hide-and-seek players.
乌贼是捉迷藏的终极玩家。
They can copy the color, contrast, even texture of their surroundings in seconds even in the dark of night. They are camouflage wizards!
它们可以在分秒之内复制颜色、对照物，甚至是周围事物的纹理，即使是在黑暗中也能如此。它们是伪装界的奇才！
And what makes their skill absolutely mind blowing is that they can do this even though they are colorblind.
真正让它们技能惊奇的是，虽然它们擅长伪装，但它们可是色盲啊！
We've actually known for some time that cuttlefish are colorblind.
其实我们早就知道乌贼是色盲了。
Heated debates in the early part of the 20th century were basically settled when biologists dissected cuttlefish eyes
20世纪初期的激烈争论基本解决了，当时生物学家解剖了乌贼的眼睛
and found only one visual pigment which would strongly suggest that they could only see in black and white.
并发现其中只有一种视觉色素，这表明它们仅能看见黑与白。
Still, just to make extra sure,
为了确定这一发现，
scientists in recent years have tested their camouflage abilities on a series of checkerboard patterns of various colors and brightnesses.
近几年，科学家们就一系列颜色和明亮度对它们的伪装能力进行测试。
And when the colors are matched in intensity, the cuttlefish don't blend in,
当这些颜色在强度上匹配时，乌贼没有融合进来，
further implying they can't see the difference between those colors.
这进一步暗示它们无法看见那些颜色之间的区别。
The conundrum of how cuttlefish and other cephalopods, like octopus and squid,
关于乌贼和其他头足类动物，如章鱼和鱿鱼，
can copy colorful patterns without being able to see them has perplexed scientists for decades and led to some wild theories.
可以如何在看不见的情况下复制颜色的谜题已经困扰科学家多年并引发了一些疯狂的理论。
Like, one is that cuttlefish see with their skin rather than their eyes, which actually isn't as out there as you might think.
比如其中之一是乌贼用皮肤而不是眼睛看东西，这和你想的或许不一样。
Cuttlefish do have light-sensitive proteins, called opsins, all over their skin.
乌贼全身皮肤上确实有光感蛋白质—视蛋白。
Opsins are the molecules in eyes that detect light, so researchers thought that maybe they gave the animals' skin a kind of "sight"
视蛋白是眼睛中用于探测光线的分子，所以研究人员认为或许视蛋白赋予了这种动物皮肤某种足以辩清颜色的
enough to figure out the colors they needed to blend in with, anyway.
视觉能力让它们能够融合进来。
And this theory would kinda explain a study done back in 1930 which found that cephalopods could still change color
并且这一理论或许能够解释1930年的一项研究，该研究发现头足类动物仍可以变色
even if one or both their eyes were removed, although the paper says the ability was "somewhat impaired".
即便它们的一支眼睛或双目被移除，虽然该报告表示它们的这一能力“有所受损”。
But, despite five years of painstaking research,
但虽然经过了五年艰难的研究，
scientists haven't found any conclusive evidence that these opsin proteins have any connection to their camouflage abilities.
科学家还是没有发现任何总结性证据证明这些视蛋白和它们的伪装能力有任何关联。
So in 2016, scientists put forward a new hypothesis that got some tentacles in a bunch.
所以在2016年，科学家提出了一种新假说引起了一些不满。
They argued the cuttlefish aren't quite as colorblind as they seem, and that they're actually able to discern colors using chromatic aberration.
他们称乌贼的色盲程度并不像看起来那么差，它们其实能够利用色差识别颜色。
That's the phenomenon where different colors of light come into focus at different distances
这一现象指的是由于光线的不同波长穿过晶状体的方式不同
because of the way different wavelengths of light bend through a lens.
所以光线的不同颜色进入焦点的距离也不同。
It's actually an annoying thing that happens with cameras sometimes, producing a rainbowy edge to pictures.
其实这一让人头疼的事经常发生在照相机上，会让照片带有彩虹边缘。
And it turns out that eyes with off-center pupils, like cuttlefish have create the same kind of chromatic aberration as camera lenses, but more strongly.
事实证明如果眼睛的瞳孔是偏离中心的，比如乌贼的眼睛，就能创造出和照相机镜头一样的色差效果，只是其效果更加强烈。
If the cuttlefish can essentially shift their focus and use this trick to separate reds, yellows, and blues,
如果乌贼可以改变它们的焦点并利用这一花招区分红色、黄色和蓝色
they wouldn't actually need to see color directly to sense it for their patterning.
那么它们其实根本不需要看见颜色就能直接感知它们。
The problem is, so far, this has only been tested using computer models, so many scientists are still skeptical.
问题是到目前为止仅用电脑模型对这种说法进行过测试，所以很多科学家仍持怀疑态度。
And really, neither of these ideas provides a satisfactory explanation for
其实这些想法都不能完美解释
how the animals can camouflage themselves at night when there's basically no light for them to pick up.
这种动物如何能够在夜晚伪装自己，因为夜晚根本没有可以捕捉的光线。
So for now, it seems that how colorblind cephalopods manage to be masters of disguise will remain a mystery.
所以目前色盲头足类动物如何能够成为伪装大师似乎仍是一个谜。
Which makes it, to me at least, that much more impressive.
至少我觉得这让它们更加令人印象深刻。
If you love learning about the quirks of life on this planet and,
如果你喜欢学习这个星球上植物的怪癖，
we're guessing that you do, since you are watching SciShow right now,
我们觉得你们会喜欢的，因为你们正在观看《科学秀》呢
then we think you might enjoy the videos offered over at CuriosityStream.
那么我们认为大家或许也会喜欢CuriosityStream中的视频。
CuriosityStream is a subscription streaming service that offers over 2000 documentaries
CuriosityStream是一个订阅流媒体服务，上边有两千多个纪录片
and nonfiction titles from some of the world's best filmmakers, including exclusive originals.
和世界最棒制片人的非科幻主题，包括独家原创哟。
They have videos on nature, history, technology even society and lifestyles, which is one of the reasons that we love them so much.
他们的视频涉及自然、历史、科技，甚至是社会和生活方式，这也是我们如此喜欢它们的原因之一。
If you liked this episode on cuttlefish, you might like the documentary Dazzle: The Hidden Story Of Camouflage.
如果你喜欢本期关于乌贼的视频，你或许会喜欢纪录片《Dazzle: The Hidden Story Of Camouflage》。
It goes over the history of camouflage, including how engineers are trying to take inspiration from animals like cuttlefish
它会带你浏览伪装史，包括工程师如何从乌贼等动物身上获得灵感
to create stealthier ships or even invisibility cloaks.
以创造更隐秘的船只，甚至是隐身衣。
You can get unlimited access to content like this starting at $2.99 a month.
每个月2.99美元就可以观看所有视频。
And as a special thanks to our SciShow audience, you can get the first 30 days for free!
作为《科学秀》观众的特别奖励，你可以免费试用30天！
You just have to sign up at curiositystream.com/scishow and use the promo code "scishow" during the sign-up process.
注册curiositystream.com/scishow并输入促销码“scishow”即可。
