评论
打印
I love infographics. As an information designer, I've worked with all sorts of data over the past 25 years.
我爱信息图表。作为一个信息设计师，在过去25年中，我跟各种各样的数据打交道。
I have a few insights to share, but first: a little history.
我有一些见解要分享，但首先讲点历史。
Communication is the encoding, transmission and decoding of information.
沟通是对信息的编码、传输和解码。
Breakthroughs in communication mark turning points in human culture.
沟通的突破标志着人类文化的转折点。
Oracy, literacy and numeracy were great developments in communication.
在沟通方面，语言、文字和算术能力得到了很大的发展。
They allow us to encode ideas into words and quantities into numbers.
它们让我们可以把想法编码为文字并量化成数字。
Without communication, we'd still be stuck in the Stone Ages.
没有沟通能力，我们就会被困在石器时代。
Although humans have been around for a quarter million years,
尽管人类已经存在25万年，
it was only 8,000 years ago that proto-writings began to surface.
但人类最早期的书写浮出水面只有8千年。
Nearly 3,000 years later, the first proper writing systems took shape.
在将近3000年后，首个合适的书写系统成形。
Maps have been around for millennia and diagrams for hundreds of years,
地图存在几千年，图表则有数百年之久，
but representing quantities through graphics is a relatively new development.
但通过图形来表示数量还是一个相对较新的发展。
It wasn't until 1786 that William Playfair invented the first bar chart,
直至1786年威廉·普莱费尔发明的首个条形图，
giving birth to visual display of quantitative information.
才催生了数量信息的视觉显示。
Fifteen years later, he introduced the first pie and area charts.
15年后，他引入了首个饼图和面积图。
His inventions are still the most commonly used chart forms today.
他这些发明仍是今天最常使用的图表类型。
Florence Nightingale invented the coxcomb in 1857 for a presentation to Queen Victoria on troop mortality.
1857年弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔发明了锯齿图，来向维多利亚女王介绍部队死亡率。
Highlighted in blue, she showed how most troops' deaths could have been prevented.
蓝色强调部分，她展示了军队的大多数死亡可以如何被避免。
Shortly after, Charles Minard charted Napoleon's march on Moscow,
不久之后，查尔斯·米纳德绘制了拿破仑进军俄罗斯的图表，
illustrating how an army of 422,000 dwindled to just 10,000 as battles, geography and freezing temperatures took their toll.
展示了一支42.2万人的军队是如何在战斗、地理和冰冻的影响下付出惨痛代价减少到只有1万人的。
He combined a Sankey diagram with cartography and a line chart for temperature.
他将桑基图与制图学和温度线图表结合在一起。
I get excited when I get lots of data to play with, especially when it yields an interesting chart form.
有很多数据可以摆弄总令我兴奋，特别是当它产生一个有趣的图表形式时。
Here, Nightingale's coxcomb was the inspiration to organize data on thousands of federal energy subsidies,
这里，奈廷格尔的锯齿图是成千联邦政府能源补贴数据组织的最佳呈现，
scrutinizing the lack of investment in renewables over fossil fuels.
审查了可再生能源投入相较化石能源的不足。
This Sankey diagram illustrates the flow of energy through the US economy,
这个桑基图展示了美国经济中的能源流动，
emphasizing how nearly half of the energy used is lost as waste heat.
强调了近一半的能源消耗是作为废热流失的。
I love it when data can be sculpted into beautiful shapes.
我喜欢把数据雕刻成漂亮的形状。
Here, the personal and professional connections of the women of Silicon Valley can be woven into arcs,
这里，硅谷女性的个人和职业联系可以被编织成弧线，
same as the collaboration of inventors birthing patents across the globe can be mapped.
就跟全球范围内发明家的协作可以映射出来一样。
I've even made charts for me. I'm a numbers person, so I rarely win at Scrabble.
我甚至为自己制作了图表。我是个数字人，所以我很少在拼字比赛中获胜。
I made this diagram to remember all the two- and three-letter words in the official Scrabble dictionary.
我做了这个图表来记住官方拼字字典里的两个字母和三个字母的单词。
Knowing these 1,168 words certainly is a game changer.
知道这1168个单词显然是制胜法则。
Sometimes I produce code to quickly generate graphics from thousands of data points.
有些时候我编写代码去把数千个数据点快速生成图片。
Coding also enables me to produce interactive graphics.
编码也让我可以制作交互式图表。
Now we can navigate information on our own terms.
现在我们可以根据自己的条件来导航信息。
Exotic chart forms certainly look cool,
奇异的图表当然看起来很酷，
but something as simple as a little dot may be all you need to solve a particular thinking task.
但小至简单的一个点就足以满足你所需去解决特定的思考任务。
In 2006, the "New York Times" redesigned their "Markets" section,
2006年，《纽约时报》重新设计了他们的市场板块，
cutting it down from eight pages of stock listings to just one and a half pages of essential market data.
将其从8页的股票清单削减到只有1页半的基本市场数据。
We listed performance metrics for the most common stocks, but I wanted to help investors see how the stocks are doing.
我们列出了最常用的股票指标，但我想帮助投资者了解这些股票表现如何。
So I added a simple little dot to show the current price relative to its one-year range.
所以我增加了一个简单小点来展示现在价格在一年内的水平。
At a glance, value investors can pick out stocks trading near their lows by looking for dots to the left.
只需看一眼，价值投资者就可以通过靠近左边的点去挑选出股价接近低位的股票。
Momentum investors can find stocks on an upward trajectory via dots to the right.
短线投资者可以通过靠近右边的点找出上升趋势的股票。
Shortly after, the "Wall Street Journal" copied the design.
不久之后，《华尔街日报》复制了这个设计。
Simplicity is often the goal for most graphics,
简单化通常是大部分图表的目标，
but sometimes we need to embrace complexity and show large data sets in their full glory.
但有时候我们需要拥抱复杂并在他们的全部荣耀中展示大量数据集。
Alec Gallup, the former chairman of the Gallup Organization, once handed me a very thick book.
亚力克·盖洛普，盖洛普公司的前主席，有次给了我一本非常厚的书。
It was his family's legacy: hundreds of pages covering six decades of presidential approval data.
这是他们家族的遗产：数百页纸涵盖了60年的总统支持率数据。
I told him the entire book could be graphed on a single page.
我告诉他整本书可以图表化在一页上。
"Impossible," he said. And here it is: 25,000 data points on a single page.
“不可能”，他说。这就是：一页中展示25000个数据点。
At a glance, one sees that most presidents start with a high approval rating, but few keep it.
一眼就可以看出，多数总统以高支持率开场，但很少能够维持。
Events like wars initially boost approval; scandals trigger declines.
像战争那样的事件最初会提升支持率；丑闻会引发下降。
These major events were annotated in the graphic but not in the book.
这些重要事件在图表中被注释，在书中可不行。
The point is, graphics can transmit data with incredible efficiency.
要点在于，图表可以以惊人的效率传输数据。
Graphicacy -- the ability to read and write graphics -- is still in its infancy.
书画刻印技能--读和写图的能力--仍然处于早期。
New chart forms will emerge and specialized dialects will evolve.
新的图表将会出现，特殊的方言将会发展。
Graphics that help us think faster or see a book's worth of information on a single page are the key to unlocking new discoveries.
图表可以帮我们更快地思考，或在一页纸上看到一本书的信息，是开启新发现的关键。
Our visual cortex was built to decode complex information and is a master at pattern recognition.
我们的视觉皮层是用来解码复杂信息的，它是模式识别的大师。
Graphicacy enables us to harness our built-in GPU to process mountains of data
图形化可以让我们利用我们的内置GPU处理海量数据，
and find the veins of gold hiding within. Thank you.
去发现藏在里面的金子。谢谢。
