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This episode's going to get real. So... be prepared for that. Let's start here: Nobody likes to be constipated.
本期视频来点真的。所以...大家可准备好了。首先：没有人喜欢便秘。
Sometimes — because of things like diet or stress —- you don't poop for a little while.
有时，因为饮食或压力导致你轻微便秘。
It happens to me whenever I go on vacation and I'm like 'Why?! I'm supposed to be having a good time! This is not fun!'
我在出去旅行的时候就会便秘，我就想啊，‘为什么？！我本该度过美好的时光！这样一点都不好玩！’
Thankfully, it's usually fixable with coffee or and a bunch of fiber... have a couple bran muffins!
还好，通常咖啡或一堆纤维、麸松饼能够解决问题！
But if that little while turns into a long time, and you just stop pooping entirely...things can get pretty ugly.
但是如果便秘的时间太长，最后完全不便便的话，事情就会变得相当邪恶啦。
Poop is your body's way of getting rid of undigested or undigestible food and other wastes that your body produces.
排便是身体排泄没有消化或不能消化的食物或其他身体废物的方式。
After the stuff travels through your small and large intestine, it ends up at the rectum,
废物滑过你大肠小肠，最终来到直肠，
which stretches and sends a signal to your brain, 'it's time to go!'
直肠蠕动并向大脑发送信号—‘是时候排出去了！”
Sometimes, though, things can stop chugging along as nature intended.
有时，出于人类的本能，事情会缓慢执行。
That's where constipation comes in, and it can be caused by anything from holding it in too long to a lack of exercise.
这时就会出现便秘，便秘可以由任何事物引起，比如憋的太久或缺乏锻炼。
Some diseases can also make your intestines struggle to propel along poop.
一些疾病也会让你的肠道无法推动便便。
Parkinson's or inflammatory bowel diseases, for example, can prevent the muscles and nerves in the colon from working properly,
例如，帕金森氏综合症或炎性肠疾病会妨碍结肠中神经和肌肉的正常工作，
so it can't pass along feces or gas.
因此，排泄物或气体无法排出去。
In severe cases, that can cause a megacolon, and that's the actual name for this thing.
在一些情况下，还会导致巨结肠，这是这种病情的真实名字。
It's an abnormally large or swollen colon — which can create a fecal backup.
巨结肠是大到或肿胀到不正常的结肠—会造成排泄物堵塞。
Regardless of what causes it, though, nothing good happens when your poop gets stuck in your body.
不论起因是什么，反正当你的便便堵在身体里的时候，就不是什么好事。
When it hangs out in the colon, more and more water is sucked out of it.
当便便在结肠徘徊，越来越多的水分会被吸干。
That makes it harder — which, in turn, makes it more difficult for your body to push out.
这就让便便变得更坚硬—反过来，要排出去就更加困难。
And when you do try, you have to push harder.
你排便时，需要非常用力才行。
That strain can cause hemorrhoids, which are inflamed veins in your rectum,
那种张力会导致痔疮，痔疮是直肠的炎性静脉，
or anal fissures, which are small tears in the lining of the anus. All this sounds so fun!
或者肛裂—排在肛门周围的小伤口。听起来很有趣！
If you don't go for a long, long, long time, your poop gets too hard and dry, it can also cause something called a fecal impaction:
如果你很长很长很长时间不排便，你的排泄物就会更加坚硬和干燥，还会导致大便嵌塞：
a hardened mass of stool that can't move at all.
一大坨坚定无比的便便，根本无法移动。
Those masses can cause nausea and ulcers, and press on the bladder, causing urinary incontinence.
那些大块便便会导致反胃和溃疡，并对膀胱造成压力，导致尿失禁。
They can even cause the colon to perforate or rupture which is life-threateningly dangerous and requirings surgery.
甚至会造成肠穿孔或肠破裂，会对威胁到生命并需要进行手术。
And in really, really, really rare cases, things can get... oh goodness.
在非常非常少数的情况下，事情会变得....呃...
A severe fecal impaction can actually make intestines contract in reverse.
严重的大便嵌塞真的会让肠道扭转收缩。
In an effort to get things moving, they'll contract and relax — which, unfortunately, can send their contents in the wrong direction.
为了让这些便便移动，它们会收缩、松弛—不幸的是，这会将便便送入错误的方向。
They're just tying to save your life!
它们只是想救你的命啊！
Liquid from the small intestine backs up into the stomach, and causes the unfortunately named condition: fecal vomiting.
小肠中的液体反流进胃部，导致粪便性呕吐。
It's not quite as nasty as it sounds — like, it's not fully formed stools or anything — but also definitely not pleasant!
这并没有听起来那么恶心—这并不是完全由便便什么的组成的—但是也绝对不是什么让人愉悦的东西！
Thankfully, fecal impactions can be broken up with laxatives, or can be broken up manually by a doctor.
幸好，大便嵌塞可以用泻药分解，或是由医生手动分解。
If someone is chronically constipated, or develop fecal impactions, their intestinal muscles might also weaken over time,
如果有人患有慢性便秘或是发展成了大便嵌塞，他们的肠道肌肉也会慢慢变得虚弱，
making it more difficult to regulate the pooping process on their own.
想要靠自己定期排便也会变得更加困难。
So make sure to eat plenty of fiber, don't hold it for too long,
所以，如果你真的吃了足够的纤维，也没憋太久
and if you're not pooping regularly, go talk to a doctor, because the alternatives.... NO!
还无法定期排便的话，就去看医生，因为没有其他办法啊！
Thanks for asking, and thanks to our patrons on Patreon who keep answers like this coming!
感谢提问，感谢我们Patreon赞助人一直向我们提问！
Cause look... sponsors aren't going to sponsor content like this!
因为赞助商可不会赞助这样内容的节目啊啊！
If you want to join us for a monthly Google Hangout, or just support the show, you can go to patreon.com/scishow.
如果你想加入我们的月度谷歌见面会或是支持我们的节目，请登录patreon.com/scishow。
