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As the bell rings and you put down your exam paper, you breathe out a sigh of relief.
铃声响起，你放下试卷，深呼吸，长舒一口气。
Finals are done, and in a few days you'll be sitting on a beach somewhere.
试考完了，接下来的几天，你可以躺在某地的沙滩上。
But when you actually get there.... you're suddenly sick. If this has ever been you, you're not alone.
但是当你真的到沙滩的时候...你突然就生病了。如果你出现过这种情况，那么你并不是一个人。
Instead of getting sick during a stressful situation, like a week of tests or a big project at the office,
人们并不会在应激情境期间生病，比如考一个星期的试或是进行公司的一个大项目，
it's super common for people to get sick afterwards.
人们在事后生病是超级普遍的事情。
Some of it could have to do with the bad habits you pick up during project season.
其中一些生病可能和项目进行时的坏习惯有关。
But a lot of the reason is because of the way your immune system responds to stress.
但是大部分原因是因为人体免疫系统回应压力的方式。
If you were someone who handled finals by cramming at 3AM, fueled by beef jerky and energy drinks,
如果你是那种熬夜到凌晨三点还在恶补复习，吃牛肉干、喝功能饮料补充体力的人，
you probably weren't that surprised when you came down with a cold.
那么当你感冒的时候，或许就不会那么惊讶了。
Bad habits, especially a lack of sleep, can make you more likely to get sick.
坏习惯，尤其是缺乏睡眠，让你更容易生病。
But, even if you were to treat your body like a temple, the stress alone is enough to make you more susceptible to illness.
但即使你虔诚地供养着你的身体，单凭压力就足以让你对疾病更加敏感。
The first thing your body does when it's stressed is activate its fight or flight response, which you've probably felt before.
当遭遇压力时，你的身体所做的第一件事是激活或战或逃反应，这一点你或许之前已经感觉到了。
It's best known for that classic fast heart rate and breathing,
最著名的是经典的心率和呼吸加快，
but this response has an immediate effect on the immune system as well.
但是这种反应对免疫系统也有即时效应。
It affects a bunch of hormones, but the big player is an increase in cortisol, the stress hormone.
这会影响到大量的激素，但是最大的玩家是皮质醇—应激激的增加。
That bump in cortisol helps signal for a shift from a more generalized immunity to a response that's aimed at a specific pathogen.
皮质醇的撞击帮助发送从一种更加普遍的免疫力转向一种反应的信号，其旨在某种特殊的病原体。
See, normally, when any invader gets in one of your cells, it's labeled with a marker that identifies it as not you.
看吧，正常情况下，当入侵者进入一个细胞时，其就会被做上标记用于鉴别区分。
Then, your body tries to attack it right away.
然后你的身体试图马上对其进行攻击。
This process is called cellular or cell-mediated immunity, but it's hindered during stress.
这个过程被称为细胞或胞介导免疫，但是在压力期间，会受到压制。
Instead, your body signals for an increase in something called humoral immunity.
相反，你的身体利用信号通知某种被称为体液免疫的增长。
This is the side of your immune system that makes proteins to fight specific pathogens.
这是免疫系统中的一面，其能够制造蛋白质抗击特定病原。
But instead of kicking in right away, it takes a few days, since your body has to make enough of those proteins.
但是并不能把它们马上踢开，这个过程会花上几天，因为你的身体需要制造出充足的蛋白质。
Researchers still aren't totally sure why this transition happens,
研究人员仍然不能百分百确定为什么会发生这种过度，
but it might be a way for your body to limit that all-over sick feeling while it tries to survive the stressful event.
但是这或许是你的身体为了在压力事件中生存而去限制布满全身的疾病感的一种方式。
So, while you're busy memorizing formulas, your immune system is sitting quietly in the corner, building proteins and leaving you alone.
所以当你忙于记公式的时候，你的免疫系统正安静得坐在角落，制造蛋白质，留下你一个人。
Then, when finals are over, your cortisol levels drop back to normal, and your immune system relaxes as well.
然后当一切事情完成后，你的皮质醇水平降回原样，你的免疫系统也一样开始放松。
The problem is, it might relax too much.
问题在于，它们可能过于放松了。
Many of the hormones that signaled for that increased immune activity are actually suppressed when the stress is over.
当压力结束时，多数因免疫活动增加而发出信号的激素会被压制。
And without messengers signaling for your cells to attack, your body won't waste energy to do so.
没有了为细胞传输攻击信号的信使，你的身体也不会费力去做这些事。
That means that, after finals, you're suddenly an easy target for a pathogen to call home.
这就意味着，一切结束后，你突然成为了病原体轻易攻击的目标。
And, if you're spending your break on a crowded airplane or a packed beach
并且如果你在拥挤的飞机或沙滩上休息的话，
or if you actually picked up a pathogen during finals that's bad news for you. Get the tissues ready.
或者如果你在压力事件期间生病的话，这真的很糟糕啊。备好纸巾啊。
And if you're already down for the count and ready to binge on videos until you're healthy again,
如果你已经中招，并准备开始在生病期间追剧的话，
we recommend one of our sister channels, Healthcare Triage.
我们向大家推荐我们的姊妹频道《Healthcare Triage》。
On this channel, Dr. Aaron Carroll explains healthcare policy, medical research,
在这个栏目中，亚伦·卡罗尔教授将为大家讲解医疗政策、医学研究
and answers a lot of other questions you may have about medicine, health, and healthcare.
并回答大家关于医学、健康和医疗的问题。
So check it out at YouTube.com/HealthcareTriage and I hope you stay healthy!
登录 YouTube.com/HealthcareTriage进行观看，祝大家身体健康！
