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There’s this scene in the movie Arrival where Jeremy Renner’s character,
《降临》里有一个情节是杰瑞米·雷纳饰演的角色，
who's a scientist, is brought in to try to help the military deal with alien spaceships that have landed across the globe.
就是那位科学家，被请去帮助军方处理世界各地降落的外星飞船。
And in an early version of the script, he asks if the aliens have responded to Fourier series sent out by the humans.
在影片开头部分的字幕里，他问外星人是否有回应人类发射的傅里叶信号。
Problem is, that wasn’t really the right math reference.
问题是，这里应用的数学知识有误。
“Well, a Fourier series is a mathematical concept, but it's not, like, a series of numbers
“嗯，傅里叶级数是数学上的概念，但它并不是一串数字，”
so I, I changed that to Fibonacci series — which is in fact a series of numbers that aliens might actually send us as a way of getting our attention.”
所以，我把傅里叶级数改成了斐波那契序列，事实上，外星人是可能通过这种序列来向人类发送讯号的。
Phil is an astronomer and science blogger, and he’s also part of the Science and Entertainment Exchange,
Phil是一名天文学家，同时也是一名科学栏目的博主以及科学与娱乐交流项目的成员，
an organization that connects creators in Hollywood with scientist script advisors.
该项目负责联络好莱坞电影创作者和剧本科学顾问。
They set up a phone number for screenwriters like Arrival’s Eric Heisserer, who want their scientific references to sound right.
他们会给创作了《降临》的Eric Heisserer之类的科幻电影编剧设置一个电话号码，方便他们纠正剧本中的科学问题。
“Here’s one of the things I wanted to make sure to do with this movie —
“通过这部电影，我想表达的一个问题就是，
and that’s not to be embarrassed about complicated ideas, not to be embarrassed or ashamed of hard science--
不要因为电影涉及复杂的概念而感到尴尬，不要不好意思让电影涉及硬科学，
that, you know, these are the words and the terms that people in this position would be sharing with each other.”
这些词语，这些术语是业内人士天天都会相互讨论的东西。
Phil’s advice to use “fibonacci” added that extra bit of credibility.
Phil提出使用斐波那契数列的建议增强了电影的可信度。
“And a I didn't really think much of that but then you know, I go see the movie, and Jeremy Renner actually says that….
“我其实没想那么多，但之后我去看电影的时候，当杰瑞米·雷纳说到那句
'Have they responded to anything — shapes, patterns, numbers, Fibonacci?'
‘他们有回应吗-我们有收到任何形状、图案、数字或者斐波那契数列吗？’的时候，
… and I'm nudging my wife like, pointing, pointing to the screen, pointing, like yeah, he said what I wrote, that's so cool!”
我碰了碰我妻子，指着屏幕说，哇，他说了我写的台词耶，太爽啦！”
There’s a lot of really bad science in TV and movies.
影视剧中经常会出现一些科学漏洞。
“I’m getting hacked!” There’s bad computer science, bad geology, bad physics.
“我要死了！”计算机科学方面的漏洞，地理学方面的漏洞、物理学方面的漏洞等等不一而足。
So in 2008, the Office of Communications at the National Academy of Sciences launched the Science and Entertainment Exchange.
所以，2008年的时候，国家科学院通讯办公室的官员就成立了科学与娱乐交流项目。
Here’s how it works: you call the number, you describe your question,
该项目工作流程如下：你给他们打电话，描述你的问题，
and then the team filters through their database of 2,400 scientists and engineers to put you in touch with the right person.
接下来该团队就会从2400名科学家及工程师的数据库中筛选出合适的人选来与你沟通。
They estimate that they’ve done between 1700 and 1800 consultations since they started.
据估计，项目成立开始到现在，他们已经先后处理了1700-1800起咨询。
That includes almost every Marvel movie, and two 2017 Oscar nominees.
包括几乎所有的漫威电影以及2017年提名奥斯卡的两部电影。
A lot of times, the consultation boils down to changing a line to include a scientific concept.
很多时候，咨询的结果都是围绕某个科学概念修改剧本。
In early discussions for the 2011 Thor movie, producer Kevin Feige needed a way to represent the “rainbow bridge”
在2011年就《雷神》进行早期讨论时，该电影的制片Kevin Feige遇到了
that reaches between Earth and the realm of the Gods in Norse mythology.
如何展示那条连接地球和北欧神话中众神之域的彩虹桥的问题。
So he met with Sean Carroll, a physics professor, who later paraphrased their conversation in a blog post.
所以他找到了物理学教授Sean Carroll，教授后来在他的博客里转述了他们的谈话。
Carroll suggested they describe the bridge as wormhole. Feige didn’t want to do that, because it sounded too Nineties.
Carroll建议他们用虫洞来阐释这座桥。Feige却不想这么做，因为虫洞听上去有点过时了。
And he said, “Well, there is this thing called the Einstein-Rosen bridge.”
Carroll又说，“嗯，好像有个叫‘爱因斯坦-罗森桥’的东西。”
“Einstein-Rosen bridge? What is that?”
“爱因斯坦-罗森桥，那是个什么东西？
Einstein-Rosen Bridge is the technical name for a wormhole.
其实，爱因斯坦-罗森桥就是虫洞的专业说法。
And they said “We LOVE Einstein-Rosen bridge.”
制片他们就说，“这个概念我们喜欢。”
Listen to the dialogue in the movie, and you can hear where they added in the concept of an Einstein-Rosen Bridge.
听听电影中的对白，大家就能听到他们确实加入了爱因斯坦-罗森桥这一概念。
"An Einstein-Rosen Bridge is a theoretical connection between two different points of space-time." "It's a wormhole."
“爱因斯坦-罗森桥就是理论上连接时空中的两个点的通道。”“说白了就是虫洞。”
But the team’s focus isn’t just about what characters are saying — it’s also about who is saying them.
然而，交流项目关心的不仅仅是电影中的人说了什么，还有说话人的身份。
In the original Thor comics, Natalie Portman’s character — Jane Foster — is a nurse.
在《雷神》的原著漫画里，娜塔莉·波特曼饰演的角色——Jane Foster——是一名护士。
The physics professor who consulted the filmmakers argued that it would make more sense for the plot if she was a physicist studying the wormhole that brought Thor to Earth.
与编剧讨论的物理学家表示，如果把她的身份换成研究那个将雷神带到地球上的虫洞的物理学家，电影的可信度会更高。
And for the Exchange, that sounded like the perfect opportunity to break down gender stereotypes.
这一改动也为打破性别歧视提供了绝佳的契机。
“We love nurses, but we also really love the idea of a strong female character who was an astrophysicist.”
“我们都喜欢护士，但我们也喜欢天文学家这样的女强人。”
So the writers changed it.
所以编剧改变了娜塔莉·波特曼的身份。
“You're an astrophysicist, not some storm chaser.” "I'm telling you, there's a connection."
“你是天文物理学家，不是什么追风者。” “你听我说，大气波动和我的研究是有关系的。”
Two years later, that character was the focal point of a contest hosted by Marvel and the Science and Entertainment Exchange,
两年后，在漫威和科学娱乐交流项目联合举办的一场比赛中，Jane Foster成了比赛的焦点。
where young women interested in STEM careers could interview female scientists in the Exchange’s database for a chance to tour laboratories and film sets.
在这场比赛中，有意向从事科学、技术、工程和数学方面的工作的年轻女性可以采访该项目数据库中的女科学家，胜出者将有机会参观实验室和片场。
“We are very concerned with the way that scientists are portrayed onscreen.
“我们非常关心影视剧刻画科学家的方式。
We want them to be — I mean, you always want them to be the hero, that’s the best thing — and a main character is fantastic.
我们希望银幕上的科学家是——我的意思是，我们总是希望他们是英雄，那样是再好不过了——主角也相当不错。
But we want to see women, we want to see people of color,
但是，我们希望能看到女性科学家，看到不同肤色的科学家，
and we want to see them woven into the fabric of the everyday life that you see onscreen.”
看到他们融入银屏上的点点滴滴。
Since 1983, repeated studies have shown that when children are asked to draw a scientist,
从1983年以来，不断有研究表明，当孩子被要求画一位科学家的时候，
they overwhelmingly draw old, white men.
他们基本上都会画一名年老的白人男性。
Children usually cite film or cartoon characters as their main source of inspiration.
孩子们的灵感主要来自于电影或者卡通人物。
In the original research, children drew these stereotypical characteristics more and more frequently as they got older.
在最早的研究中，随着孩子年龄的增长，他们笔下的这一刻板印象也会越来越深。
Science has had another image issue in Hollywood, too.
在好莱坞，科学还有另一个形象问题。
A survey of over a thousand horror movies distributed in Britain between 1931 and 1984
在研究了1931年到1984年间英国上映的一千部恐怖电影之后，
found that scientists and their work were the villains of 41 percent of films.
研究人员发现在41%的电影中科学家和他们的工作都是反派性质的。
Scientists were heroes less than 1 percent of the time.
将科学家刻画成英雄的电影不足1%。
In the decades since then, perceptions of science have gotten better.
在那之后的数十年里，电影中科学的形象逐渐好转。
An analysis of over 3,000 interviews on public opinion about scientists found that
某研究采访了3000多人对科学家的印象，
American adults in 2001 were much less likely to hold negative stereotypes about scientists than they were in 1983.
发现2001年的美国成人对科学家持反对态度的比例要比1983年的成年人低得多。
And they were much more likely to believe that a science career was a good choice for their children or for themselves.
他们也更愿意认为，追求科学对孩子或自己来说是很好的选择。
“I mean, people do learn from film and television. Whether you want them to or not. We often refer to it as an ‘accidental curriculum.’”
“我的意思是，电影电视剧确实是人们学习的一个途径，不管你是否希望他们如此。我们通常都把这种情况称之为‘偶然课程’。”
One of the most talked-about examples of that is what’s called the CSI Effect —
最常被提及的例子就是所谓的“《犯罪现场调查》效应”——
the idea that chart-topping crime shows increased interest in forensic science, but also spread a lot of misinformation about the field.
就是备受欢迎的犯罪题材电影电视节目激发了公众对司法科学的兴趣，但也传播了很多涉及该领域的误解。
CSI didn't just launch a franchise, it created a false impression when it comes to solving crimes.
《犯罪现场调查》不仅仅是推出了一部剧，在进行犯罪调查时还给人们留下了错误的印象。
Researchers in 2010 found that watching the show is associated with perceptions of DNA evidence as much more reliable than it actually is.
2010年，有研究人员发现，事实上，DNA证据并没有该剧显示的那么可靠。
The Exchange wants to mobilize that kind of effect —and hopefully make science more understandable and more accessible for everyone.
科学娱乐交流项目希望破除这一效应，同时，顺利的话，让科学走近每个人的身边，让科学变得更加浅显易懂。
