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Maybe ring in the New Year with one to many.
您也许会和三两个或一群好友共祝新年佳节。
Maybe you just keep it to a glass of wine at night with dinner.
晚餐您或许就只喝了一杯红酒。
New research suggests that alcohol intake can lead to permanent genetic damage.
新的研究表明，酒精摄入会导致永久性的DNA损伤。
A missing part of the whole puzzle is how precisely alcohol causes damage to us
整个谜题最重要的部分是酒精如何对我们造成损伤，
and what our research shows is that alcohol as it's being processed by the body and converted into energy
我们的研究表明酒精在被身体加工，并转化为能量的同时
transiently accumulates as a toxin which attacks DNA in a fundamental manner
瞬间积累成毒素，而这种毒素能从根本上攻击DNA，
and damages the genetic information that constitutes the code of life.
并破坏构成生命代码的遗传信息。
The toxin is called acetaldehyde.
该毒素被称为乙醛。
It is produced when the body processes alcohol and research suggests it can damage human cells in a fundamental way.
它是在人体加工酒精时产生的，研究表明它可以从根本上破坏人体细胞。
This can happen at the level of a very important cell type known as the stem cell
它破坏的就是人体的干细胞，这种细胞对人们来说非常重要，
and that's important because the stem cell is a cell that goes on to make many different types of cells and it's the regenerating cell in our bodies.
那是因为干细胞可以制造不同种类的细胞，可以说是身体的再生细胞。
And all that genetic damage can do harm, even deadly harm to the human body.
所有的DNA损伤会对身体造成伤害，甚至是致命伤害。
We show that the chromosomes from these blood cells are fundamentally altered
我们发现这些血细胞上的染色体从根本上被改变了，
and this is important because altered chromosomes or altered DNA is the basis of
这会导致严重的后果，因为是染色体或DNA的改变
why cells ultimately gone to age or accumulate the changes that make them cancerous.
造成细胞的最终衰老，随着这种改变的增多发生癌变。
The body has an enzyme that breaks down acetaldehyde.
人体有一种分解乙醛的酶。
Patel tested what alcohol does to cells without it.
帕特尔测试了如果没有这种酶，酒精会对细胞产生什么影响。
Say in mice, when we take away the enzyme that clears the toxin as well as this DNA repair pathway,
比如说小白鼠，当我们取出能够清除毒素的酶，以及DNA修复通道时，
then very small amounts of alcohol cause violent damage to the cells that produce blood.
我们发现极少量的酒精就会对造血细胞造成严重的损伤。
Also most people have a range of DNA repair systems，
尽管大多数人体内也都有一系列的DNA修复系统，
but Patel says binge drinking can overwhelm those lines of defense and do serious genetic damage.
但帕特尔说酗酒依旧可以毁坏这些防线，造成严重的DNA损伤。
Kevin Enochs, VOA news Washington
美国之音，凯文·恩尼克斯华盛顿报道。
