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If you're in the US, you've probably heard grumbling about new credit cards with microchips
如果你在美国，你可能常听到人们抱怨新款微芯片信用卡
and the slow, loud machines we have to use with them.
以及运行缓慢的机器。
And if you're in Europe or Canada, you've been using chip cards for almost a decade,
如果你在欧洲或是加拿大，那么近十年来，你肯定一直都在使用这种芯片卡，
and you're wondering what the fuss is about.
你一定想知道这种卡有什么好稀奇的。
But it's about time we're switching, because old cards were really easy for criminals to fake.
但是时候换卡了，因为老式的卡真的很容易被罪犯盗刷。
And now, it's next to impossible. At least... offline.
现在那几乎是不可能的事情。至少线下是不会的。
The purpose of a debit or credit card is simple:
借记卡或信用卡的用途很简单：
You're promising someone that they'll be paid what you owe them.
你向别人承诺买货后付款。
And some of the card's information, like the card number,
卡内的一些信息，比如卡号
is its way of saying who you are and where to get the money from.
某种程度上代表了你是谁以及钱从哪来。
Now, you don't want someone to be able to steal your card number, wander into the local Costco,
现在，你不想别人偷你的卡号，去本地的Costco
and buy thousands of dollars of teriyaki flavored beef jerky with it, do you?
购买几千块的照烧牛肉干，是不？
So, for security, cards also have ways to verify that they're really the card linked with that number.
所以为了安全起见，有很多方式能够验证卡和卡号是相连的。
Older cards use numbers hidden in a static magnetic pattern on the back to prove their identity.
老式卡的卡号藏在卡后静态磁图案内用于证实身份。
But it was pretty easy for criminals to steal that pattern when you swiped your card to buy something,
但当你刷卡购物时，罪犯轻易就能盗取这种静态磁图案，
copy it onto another card, and pretend to be you.
将卡号复制到另一张卡上，然后假装成你。
So chip cards, also known as EMV cards because of the companies that created them,
所以芯片卡，也被称为EMV卡，因其制造公司而命名，
have a different way of using numbers to prove their identity. They use encryption.
有不同方法能利用号码验证身份。他们使用的是加密术。
Their microchips are small circuits that start working when they're put in a terminal, like the machines at the grocery store.
他们的微芯片是小小的回路，当将他们将微芯片放入一个终端机时就会开始工作，比如杂货店里的机器。
In the terminal, the chip generates a number called a cryptogram by combining information from the terminal with its own data.
在终端机中，通过将终端机中的信息和自己的数据相结合，芯片会产生一种被称为暗码的号码。
To the terminal and to anyone who might be trying to steal your card details, the number looks completely random.
对于终端机以及那些试图偷卡的人，这个号码完全是随机的。
And since it's partially based on information from the terminal, the number is different every time you use your card.
由于号码部分基于终端机中的信息，所以每次用卡的号码都是随机的。
So criminals can't just copy the number and use it, like the magnetic stripe pattern.
所以罪犯无法复制这串号码并利用它，比如磁条码。
Depending on the setup at the store,
依据商店内的装置，
that number might get sent to your bank so that they can tell the terminal if your chip really generated it.
号码会发送至你的银行，如果号码真的是从你的芯片中产生，那么他们就能辨别终端设备。
Or, sometimes, the terminal itself can verify that.
或者，有时终端设备本身就能对其进行验证。
Now, in a short YouTube video lik this one, we can't get into all of the math and cryptography behind
现在，在YouTube这种视频中，我们无法向大家解释
how your bank gets information from this seemingly-random number when no one else can.
银行如何从看似随机的号码中获取信息背后的数学和密码学。
If you're curious, the last few links in the description can get you started.
如果你好奇的话，最后几个链接能够为你解释。
The super-condensed version is that these numbers are easy to generate or verify if you have exactly the right information.
如果你有准确的信息，那么超浓缩版本中的号码很容易产生或验证。
And they're essentially impossible to fake if you don't, like if you're a beef jerky loving criminal.
如果你是一名爱好牛肉干的罪犯，那么本质上来讲，就不可能被盗取。
Your chip has what it needs to generate the numbers.
你的芯片有着需要生成号码的设置。
And the bank or terminal has different information that they need to undo what the chip did,
银行或终端机有不同的所需信息能够撤销芯片的请求，
and make sure the data matches the chip and the card.
并确保数据和芯片以及卡相匹配。
One place chips don't help is online shopping,
有一种是芯片无法触及的地方那就是在线购物，
since you only type in static information on the card, like your name and the number.
因为你仅在卡上设入静态信息，比如你的名字和卡号。
But they're designed to stop in-person fraud, which is exactly what they good at.
但它们的设计是阻止本人欺诈，这是正是它们擅长的。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow!
感谢收看本期科学秀！
If you want to learn about a different way cryptography is used with currency,
如果你想了解密码学和货币想使用的不同方式，
check out our video that explains how Bitcoin works.
点击我们关于比特币的视频。
