【视频讲解】
The ingredient that makes hot chilies hot is called capsaicin—and it can set your mouth on fire.
导致红辣椒很辣的成分叫做辣椒素——它会让你的嘴像着火一样火辣辣的。
hot chili 红辣椒
Capsaicin 辣椒素；辣椒苦
Fire off 一连串地提问；连珠炮似的说话：
The teacher fired off the name of her pupils.
老师一口气念了她学生们的名字。
fire away 开始讲; 开始问
What do you want to say? There is nobody here, fire away.
想说啥？没人，有话请说吧。
between two fires 遭两面夹攻，腹背受敌；左右为难
What with war and what with famine, the populace at large were caught between two fires.
又是打仗又闹饥荒，平民百姓处于水深火热之中。

But the spicy compound has a soothing effect too: in your gut, it kicks off a chemical cascade that might calm the immune system and reduce inflammation.
不过这种辛辣的化合物还有一种舒缓效果: 它会在人的肠道中触发一种化学级联，可以舒缓免疫系统并减少炎症。
Soothe
1. 使镇定
He would take her in his arms and soothe her.
他就会把她搂在怀里，使她镇定下来。
2. 抚慰的
Put on some nice soothing music.
放些柔和舒缓的音乐。
Cascade
1. 化学的连锁反应
2. 倾泻
She hung on as the freezing, rushing water cascaded past her.
冰冷刺骨的急流冲刷着她，但她仍然坚持着。
3. 大量
The women have lustrous cascades of black hair.
这些女子长着浓密而有光泽的黑发。

Researchers studied that phenomenon in mice. Once inside the gut, the capsaicin molecules plugged into a specific receptor, spurring the release of another compound, called anandamide.
研究人员在小白鼠身上研究了这一现象。一旦这种辣椒素的分子进入肠道，便会进入一个特定的受体，刺激另一种叫做“花生四烯酸乙醇胺”的化合物的释放。
Plug
1. 塞入
2. 大力宣传 (商品，尤为图书或电影)
We did not want people on the show who are purely interested in plugging a book or film.
我们不想让那种纯粹只对宣传某书籍或电影感兴趣的人上节目。
Spur
使更快发生; 加速
The administration may put more emphasis on spurring economic growth.
政府可能会更加重视经济的加快增长。
Anandamide 大麻素（花生四烯酸乙醇胺）

Anandamide happens to be an endocannabinoid—similar to active ingredients in marijuana—which binds to cannabinoid receptors in the gut.
花生四烯酸乙醇胺恰好是一种类似于大麻中活性成分的“内源性大麻素”，它会与肠道中的大麻素受体结合。
Endo- 内源性是由人体内部因素产生或引起的（疾病，物质等）
Endocrine 内分泌物, 内分泌腺：
Exo- 外分泌的：直接或通过导管向外分泌的：
Exocrine 外分泌物的
Marijuana 大麻；大麻毒品

That last step in the cascade ramped up the production of cells that damp down inflammation in the mice—and even cured them of a mouse model of diabetes type 1, an autoimmune disease.
这一化学级联的最后一步便是加速在小白鼠身上生产能够抑制炎症的细胞，甚至治愈小白鼠身上的1型糖尿病——一种自体免疫性疾病。
Ramp 斜坡
Lillian was coming down the ramp from the museum.
莉莲正从博物馆沿着斜坡走下来。
Ramp up 增加; 使增加
To ramp up a share price during a takeover bid is unacceptable.
在要约收购期间抬高股价是不可接受的。
damp down 使平静; 使减弱
His hand moved to his mouth as he tried to damp down the panic.
他用手捂住了嘴，试图使惊恐的情绪平静下来。

If all this sounds a bit similar to the chemical messaging that happens in the brain… that's because it is. "The gut has a very large nervous system. It's almost as large as the brain itself. Pramod Srivastava, an immunologist at UConn Health and one of the study’s leaders.
这一切是不是听起来有点类似于发生在大脑中的化学通讯……的确如此。大肠中有非常大的神经系统。它几乎和大脑一样大。普拉莫德•斯里瓦斯塔瓦，康涅狄格大学健康中心的免疫学家，同时也是该研究的负责人之一。
Immune
1. 免疫
2. 不受影响的
Higher education is no longer immune to state budget cuts.
高等教育不再受州预算削减的影响。
3. 免除的
People with diplomatic passports are immune from criminal prosecution.
持有外交护照者享有刑事起诉豁免权。

"We don't quite fully understand what this huge amount of neurons are doing in the gut. We don't understand its language, and the molecules and mediators. And I think with this work we can at least claim to have found a couple of words in that language." The study is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
“我们并不太清楚这么大量的神经元在肠道中有何作用。我们不懂它的语言，它的分子和介质。我认为通过这一项目，我们至少可以声称已经找到了这门语言中的几个单词。”这项研究发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。
Mediator
1. 传递者；中介物
2. 调停者
"I am not going as a mediator or negotiator," he said.
卡特说：“我不会作为调停者或者谈判人员前往那里。
Mediate 调解
United Nations officials have mediated a series of peace meetings between the two sides.
联合国官员们已经调解了双方的一系列和谈。

So to recap that chemical chain: chilies cause the production of endocannabinoids, which produce immune suppressant cells, which soothe inflammation. So, what if you cut out the chili initiator, and just eat cannabinoids—pot brownies, stuff like that?
因此，简明扼要地说明这一化学反应链——辣椒导致内源性大麻素的产生，进而产生免疫抑制细胞，从而缓解炎症。那么，如果你切断辣椒这一引发剂，只吃一些类似于用大麻素制作的罐装巧克力这种食物会怎样？
Recap 概括
Can you recap the points included in the proposal?
你能概括一下这个提议中包括的要点吗？
Inflame 使…更加激烈；加剧：=> inflammation 炎症
“inflamed to madness an already savage nature”(Robert Graves)
“本已野蛮的天性被刺激到疯狂的程度”(罗伯特•格雷夫斯)
cut a fat hog 吃不消：承担自己能力所及之外的责任：
“Boy, has he cut a fat hog, as they say down home”(Hughes Rudd)
“好家伙，他象他们所说的南方人那样吃不消了吗？”(休斯•鲁德)
cut corners 以最经济方式行事：以最简便或最廉价的方式做某事
The big toy companies sometimes cut corners by outsourcing their manufacturing to companies that might not have high quality standards. It's one way they keep toy prices low.
规模大的玩具公司有时为了偷工减料就会向那些质量标准稍低的玩具公司购买产品，这是他们保持玩具低价的方式之一。
cut loose 口无遮拦：毫无限制地说或做：
cut loose with a string of curses.
一连串地放纵地骂人
cut no ice 不起作用，没有影响：
Your objections will cut no ice with management.
你的异议对安排毫无影响

"Obviously we are very interested in people who use edible cannabinoids. I'm extremely curious if people with colitis or Crohn's disease, who are edible pot users, do they benefit from it? I have no idea. But it's something we can now find out because sizable numbers of people are consuming those edibles.”
很明显，我们对于食用可食用的大麻素。我非常好奇，如果有结肠炎等人，是否会从中收益。目前还不知道，但是有件事情，现在知道的是，因为相当数量的人再吃这些食物。
Colitis 结肠炎
Sizable 相当大的
Harry bought the house and a sizable piece of land that surrounds it.
哈里买那座房子和房子周围一块相当大的土地。
curious, inquisitive, snoopy, nosy
这些形容词指对信息或知识表现出强烈欲望的人。
Curious 大多数通常指有强烈的求知欲望，但它也表示对他人事物的过度兴趣：
A curious child is a teacher's delight.
老师喜欢有求知欲的孩子。
Inquisitive 常用于指过分的好奇并问许多问题：
“Remember, no revolvers.The police are, I believe, proverbially inquisitive” (Lord Dunsany).
“记住，不要用左轮手枪。我认为，众所周知警察对此多管闲事” （康西尼勋爵）。
Snoopy 指的是私下的打探：
The snoopy neighbor watched our activities all day.
喜欢窥探的邻居整天注视着我们的一举一动。
Nosy 指的是象动物用鼻子去检查或试探一样的不礼貌的好奇心
I watched him flip through the letters on my desk in his nosy way.
我看到他以好管闲事的方式轻翻着我桌子上的信件。